عَنْ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبْيشٍ قَال: أَتيْتُ صفْوانَ بْنِ عسَّالٍ رضِي اللّه عنْهُ أَسْأَلُهُ عن الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ فقال: مَا جَاءَ بِكَ يَا زِرُّ؟ فقُلْتُ: ابْتغَاءُ الْعِلْمِ، فقَال: إِنَّ الْملائِكَةَ تَضَعُ أَجْنِحتَها لِطَالِبِ الْعِلْمِ رِضًا بمَا يَطلُبُ، فَقلْتُ: إِنَّه قدْ حَكَّ في صدْرِي الْمسْحُ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ بَعْدَ الْغَائِطِ والْبوْلِ، وكُنْتَ امْرَأً مِنْ أَصْحاب النَّبِيِّ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، فَجئْتُ أَسْأَلُكَ: هَلْ سمِعْتَهُ يذْكرُ في ذلِكَ شيْئًا؟ قال: نعَمْ كانَ يأْمُرنا إذا كُنا سَفرًا -أوْ مُسافِرين- أَن لا ننْزِعَ خفافَنا ثلاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ولَيَالِيهنَّ إِلَّا مِنْ جنَابةٍ، لكِنْ مِنْ غائطٍ وبَولٍ ونومٍ. فقُلْتُ: هَل سمِعتَهُ يذكُرُ في الْهوى شيْئًا؟ قال: نعمْ كُنَّا مَعَ رسول اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم في سفرٍ، فبَيْنا نحنُ عِنْدهُ إِذ نادَاهُ أَعرابيٌّ بصوْتٍ له جَهْوَريٍّ: يا مُحمَّدُ، فأَجَابهُ رسولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم نَحْوًا مِنْ صَوْتِه: «هاؤُمُ» فقُلْتُ لهُ: وَيْحَكَ اغْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ فإِنَّك عِنْدَ النَّبيِّ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم وقدْ نُهِيتَ عَنْ هذا، فقال: واللّهِ لا أَغضُضُ. قَالَ الأَعْرابِيُّ: الْمَرْءُ يُحِبُّ الْقَومَ ولَمَّا يلْحقْ بِهِمْ؟ قال النَّبِيُّ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «الْمرْءُ معَ منْ أَحَبَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيامةِ» فما زَالَ يُحدِّثُنَا حتَّى ذكر بابًا من الْمَغْربِ مَسيرةُ عَرْضِهِ أوْ يسِير الرَّاكِبُ في عَرْضِهِ أَرْبَعِينَ أَوْ سَبْعِينَ عَامًا. قَالَ سُفْيانُ أَحدُ الرُّوَاةِ: قِبَلَ الشَّامِ خلقَهُ اللّهُ تعالى يوْمَ خلق السماواتِ والأَرْضَ مفْتوحًا لِلتَّوبةِ لا يُغلَقُ حتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمْسُ مِنْهُ» رواه التِّرْمذيّ وغيره وقال: حديث حسن صحيح.
Zirr ibn Hubaysh reported: I came to Safwan ibn 'Assal (may Allah be pleased with him) to ask him about wiping over leather socks. He said: "What brings you, O Zirr?" I said: "The pursuit of knowledge." He said: "Indeed, the angels lower their wings for the seeker of knowledge, being pleased with what he seeks." I said: "I have been troubled in my heart about wiping over leather socks after answering the call of nature, and you were a man from among the companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him), so I came to ask you: Did you hear him mention anything about that?" He said: "Yes, he used to command us, when we were traveling, not to remove our leather socks for three days and nights, except in the case of major ritual impurity (janabah), but we could keep them on for minor impurities such as relieving ourselves, urinating, and sleeping." I said: "Did you hear him mention anything about love?" He said: "Yes, we were with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) on a journey, when a bedouin called out to him in a loud, booming voice: 'O Muhammad!' The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) answered him in a similar tone: 'Here I am!' I said to the bedouin: 'Woe to you! Lower your voice, for you are in the presence of the Prophet (peace be upon him), and you have been forbidden from this.' He said: 'By Allah, I will not lower it.' The bedouin then asked: 'A man loves a people but has not yet reached their level?' The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'A person will be with those whom he loves on the Day of Resurrection.' He continued speaking to us until he mentioned a gate in the west, the width of which takes a rider forty or seventy years to cross." Sufyan, one of the narrators, said: "Facing the direction of Syria — Allah the Most High created it on the day He created the heavens and the earth, open for repentance; it will not be closed until the sun rises from it." Narrated by al-Tirmidhi and others, who graded it as a good and authentic (hasan sahih) hadith.
الشرح · explanation
حكَّ في صدري: وقع فيه الشكّ. خفافنا: جمع خُفّ، وهو ما يُلبس في قدم الإنسان كالحذاء. إلّا من جنابة: أي ممّا يوجب الغُسل. الهوى: الحُبّ. جَهوَريّ: الشديد العالي. هاؤم: خذ، أي هاك جوابي.
"Troubled in my heart" (hakka fi sadri): meaning doubt arose in it. "Leather socks" (khifafuna): plural of khuff, which is what is worn on a person's foot, like a shoe. "Except in the case of major ritual impurity" (illa min janabah): meaning from what necessitates a full ritual bath (ghusl). "Love" (al-hawa): love and affection. "Booming" (jahwari): loud and powerful. "Here I am" (ha'um): meaning "take" — i.e., here is my response.
الدروس · lessons
حِرصُ التابعينَ على طَلبِ العِلمِ مِن الصَّحابةِ رضِيَ اللّهُ عنهم. فَضلُ طلبِ العِلمِ، وعِظَمُ منزلةِ طالبِ العِلمِ. احتفاءُ الملائكةِ بطالبِ العلمِ، وتواضُعها له. جواز المسح على الخفّين ومدته للمسافر ثلاثة أيّام بلياليها، وللمقيم يوم وليلة. لا ينوب المسح على الخفّ عن غسل القدم في الطهارة من الحدث الأكبر كالجنابة والحيض والنفاس، فلا بدّ في هذه الحالة من نزع الخفّ وغسل الرجلين. الاقتداء بالنّبيّ صلى اللّه عليه وسلّم في حِلمه وحُسن خُلُقِه ومخاطبته الناس على قدر علمهم وعقولهم. الحرص على مجالسة الصالحين وحبّهم والقرب منهم، والبُعد عن مخالطة الأشرار. لا تُقبل التوبةُ بعد طلوع الشمس من مغربها.
The eagerness of the Successors (Tabi'in) to seek knowledge from the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them). The virtue of seeking knowledge and the great status of the seeker of knowledge. The angels' celebration of the seeker of knowledge, lowering their wings in honor of him. The permissibility of wiping over leather socks: its duration for a traveler is three days and nights, and for a resident one day and one night. Wiping over leather socks does not substitute for washing the feet in purification from major ritual impurity such as janabah, menstruation, and postpartum bleeding — in such cases, the socks must be removed and the feet washed. Following the example of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in his forbearance, noble character, and addressing people according to their level of understanding. Being keen to sit with the righteous, love them, and be close to them, while avoiding the company of the wicked. Repentance is not accepted after the sun rises from the west.