عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: شَكَا أَهْلُ الكُوفَةِ سَعْدًا -يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ- رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ، فَعَزَلَهُ وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَمَّارًا، فَشَكَوْا حَتَّى ذَكَرُوا أَنَّهُ لا يُحْسِنُ يُصَلِّي، فَأْرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ إِنَّ هٰؤُلاءِ يَزْعُمُونَ أنَّكَ لا تُحْسِنُ تُصَلِّي، فَقَالَ: أَمَّا أَنَا وَاللّهِ، فَإِنِّي كُنْتُ أُصَلِّي بِهِمْ صَلاةَ رَسُولِ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، لا أَخْرِمُ عَنْهَا: أُصَلِّي صَلاةَ الْعِشَاءِ فَأَرْكُدُ فِي الْأُولَيَيْنِ، وَأُخِفُّ فِي الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ، قَالَ: ذٰلِكَ الظَّنُّ بِكَ يَا أبَا إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَرْسَلَ مَعَهُ رَجُلًا -أَوْ رِجَالًا- إلَى الكُوفَةِ يَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ أَهْلَ الكُوفَةِ، فَلَمْ يَدَعْ مَسْجِدًا إِلّا سَأَلَ عَنْهُ، وَيُثْنُونَ مَعْرُوفًا، حَتَّى دَخَلَ مَسْجِدًا لِبَني عَبْسٍ، فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ -يُقَالَ لَهُ: أُسامةُ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، يُكَنَّى أَبَا سَعْدَةَ- فَقَالَ: أَمَا إِذْ نَشَدْتَنَا فَإِنَّ سَعْدًا كَانَ لا يَسِيرُ بِالسَّرِيَّةِ، وَلا يَقْسِمُ بِالسَّويَّةِ، وَلا يَعْدِلُ فِي الْقَضِيَّةِ، قَالَ سَعْدٌ: أَمَا وَاللّهِ لأَدْعُوَنَّ بِثَلاثٍ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ عَبْدُكَ هَذا كَاذِبًا، قَامَ رِيَاءً وَسُمْعَةً، فَأَطِلْ عُمُرَهُ، وَأَطِلْ فَقْرَهُ، وَعَرِّضْهُ لِلْفِتَنِ. وَكَانَ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ إِذَا سُئِلَ يَقُولُ: شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ مَفْتُونٌ، أَصَابَتْنِي دَعْوةُ سَعْدٍ. قَالَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ الرَّاوِي عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ: فَأَنَا رَأَيْتُهُ بَعْدُ قَدْ سَقَطَ حَاجِبَاهُ عَلَى عَيْنَيْهِ مِنَ الْكِبَرِ، وَإنَّهُ لَيَتَعَرَّضُ لِلْجَوَارِي فِي الطُّرُقِ فَيَغْمِزُهُنَّ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ
Jabir ibn Samurah (may Allah be pleased with them both) reported: The people of Kufa complained about Sa'd — meaning Ibn Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) — to Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), so he removed him and appointed Ammar over them. They complained so much that they even mentioned that he did not perform the prayer well. So Umar sent for him and said: "O Abu Ishaq, these people claim that you do not perform the prayer well." He said: "As for me, by Allah, I used to pray with them the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); I did not fall short of it. I would pray the Isha prayer, prolonging the first two rak'ahs and shortening the last two." He (Umar) said: "That is what we thought of you, O Abu Ishaq." And he sent with him a man — or men — to Kufa to ask the people of Kufa about him. He left no mosque without asking about him, and they would speak well of him, until he entered a mosque of Banu Abs, where a man among them — called Usamah ibn Qatadah, with the kunya Abu Sa'dah — stood up and said: "Since you have adjured us, then Sa'd did not march with the army, did not distribute equally, and did not judge justly." Sa'd said: "By Allah, I shall make three supplications: O Allah, if this servant of Yours is lying, and has stood up out of showing off and seeking reputation, then prolong his life, prolong his poverty, and expose him to trials." Afterwards, when he was asked, he would say: "An old man, afflicted; the supplication of Sa'd struck me." Abd al-Malik ibn Umayr, the narrator from Jabir ibn Samurah, said: I saw him afterwards, his eyebrows having fallen over his eyes from old age, and he would accost the young women in the streets and pinch them. Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
لا أخرم: لا أنقص فأركد: أي أقوم طويلًا من الركود. نشدتنا: أي طلبت منا القول. لا يسير بالسرية: لا يخرج مع القطعة من الجيش ولا يسير معها. لا يقسم بالسوية: أي لا يعطي المال بالعدل والمساواة، وإنّما يؤثر به من يشاء لغرض. ولا يعدل في القضية: أي لا يعدل في الحكم والقضاء بين المتنازعين. رياء وسمعة: أي ليراه الناس ويسمعوه، فيكون له بذلك ذكر وشهرة.
"I did not fall short (la akhrimu)": I did not diminish anything from it. "I would prolong (arkudu)": that is, I would stand for a long time — from "rukud" (remaining still). "You have adjured us (nashadtana)": that is, you have demanded that we speak. "He did not march with the detachment (sariyyah)": he did not go out with the army unit nor march with it. "He did not distribute equally": that is, he did not give out wealth with justice and equality, but favored with it whomever he wished for some purpose. "He did not judge justly": that is, he was not just in ruling and adjudicating between disputants. "Showing off and seeking reputation (riya' wa sum'ah)": that is, so that people would see and hear of him, and he would thereby gain renown and fame.
الدروس · lessons
فضل سعد بن أبي وقاص، وأنّه مستجاب الدعوة، وقد روى الترمذي وابن حبان والحاكم عن سعد أنّ النّبيّ صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم قال: "اللهم استجب لسعد إذا دعاك". جواز عزل الإمام للوالي الذي يُشتكى منه، وإن كُذِب عليه إذا وجد مصلحة في هذا العزل، لئلّا يبقى عليهم أميرًا وفيهم من يكرهه.
The merit of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, and that his supplications were answered. Al-Tirmidhi, Ibn Hibban, and al-Hakim reported from Sa'd that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Allah, answer Sa'd when he supplicates to You." The permissibility of the leader removing a governor about whom complaints are made — even if he is falsely accused — when there is benefit in the removal, so that he does not remain a commander over people among whom are those who dislike him.