عن أنسٍ رضي اللّه عنه، قال: غَاب عمِّي أَنَسُ بنُ النَّضْرِ رضي اللّه عنه، عن قِتالِ بدرٍ، فقال: يا رسولَ اللّه غِبْتُ عن أوَّلِ قِتالٍ قَاتلْتَ المُشرِكِينَ، لَئِنِ اللّه أشْهَدَنِي قتالَ المشركين لَيُرِيَنَّ اللّهُ ما أصنعُ، فلمَّا كانَ يومُ أُحدٍ انْكشَفَ المُسْلِمُون فقال: اللَّهُمَّ أعْتَذِرُ إليْكَ مِمَّا صنَع هَؤُلاءِ -يَعْني أصْحَابَه- وأَبرأُ إلَيْكَ مِمَّا صنعَ هَؤُلاَءِ -يعني المُشْرِكِينَ- ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ سعْدُ بْنُ مُعاذٍ، فَقالَ: يا سعْدُ بْنَ معُاذٍ الْجنَّةُ ورَبِّ النَّضْرِ، إِنِّي أجِدُ رِيحَهَا مِنْ دُونِ أُحُدٍ. قال سعْدٌ: فَمَا اسْتَطعْتُ يا رسول اللّه ماصنَعَ! قَالَ أنسٌ: فَوجدْنَا بِهِ بِضْعاً وثمانِينَ ضَرْبةً بِالسَّيفِ، أوْ طَعْنَةً بِرُمْحٍ، أو رمْيةً بِسهْمٍ، ووجدْناهُ قَد قُتِلَ وَمَثَّلَ بِهِ المُشرِكُونَ فَما عرفَهُ أَحدٌ إِلَّا أُخْتُهُ بِبنَانِهِ. قال أنسٌ: كُنَّا نَرى أوْ نَظُنُّ أنَّ هَذِهِ الآيَة نزلَتْ فيهِ وَفِي أشْباهِهِ: {مِنَ المُؤْمِنِينَ رِجالٌ صدقُوا ما عَاهَدُوا اللّه علَيهِ} [الأحزاب: ٢٣] إلى آخرها. متفقٌ عليه.
On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: My uncle Anas ibn al-Nadr (may Allah be pleased with him) was absent from the Battle of Badr. He said: "O Messenger of Allah, I was absent from the first battle you fought against the polytheists. If Allah grants me the opportunity to fight the polytheists, Allah will surely see what I shall do." When the Day of Uhud came and the Muslims were driven back, he said: "O Allah, I apologize to You for what these people — meaning his companions — have done, and I disassociate myself before You from what those people — meaning the polytheists — have done." Then he advanced, and Sa'd ibn Mu'adh met him. He said: "O Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, Paradise! By the Lord of al-Nadr, I can smell its fragrance from this side of Uhud." Sa'd later said: "O Messenger of Allah, I could not do what he did." Anas said: We found more than eighty wounds on his body — sword strikes, spear thrusts, and arrow wounds. We found that he had been killed and mutilated by the polytheists, and no one could recognize him except his sister, who identified him by his fingertips. Anas said: We used to think — or believe — that this verse was revealed concerning him and those like him: {Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah} [al-Ahzab: 23] — to the end of the verse. Agreed upon (narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
لَيُريَنَّ اللهُ: أي لَيُظْهِرنَّ اللّهُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّاسِ. انكشف المسلمون: تركوا أماكنهم وانهزموا. أعتذر إليك مما صنع هؤلاء يعني أصحابه: أي إني لم أرضَ بما فعلوه من الفرار. أبرأ إليك مما صنع هؤلاء يعني المشركين: من قتال الرسول صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم. الجنّة ورب النَّضر إني أجد ريحها دون أحد: يحتمل أن يكون على الحقيقة، وأنّه وجد ريحها، ويجوز أن يكون أراد أنّه استحضر الجنّة التي أعدّت للشهيد. من دون أُحد: أي من مكان أقرب جبل قُرب المدينة. وَمَثَّلَ بِهِ: شَوَّهوا وجهه، بقطع الأعضاء من أنف وأذن..... بِبَنانه: الأصابع وأطرافها.
"Allah will surely see" (la yuriyanna Allah): Allah will make it manifest to the people. "The Muslims were driven back" (inkashafa al-Muslimun): They abandoned their positions and retreated. "I apologize to You for what these people — meaning his companions — have done": Meaning I did not approve of what they did by fleeing. "I disassociate myself before You from what those people — meaning the polytheists — have done": From their fighting the Messenger (peace be upon him). "Paradise! By the Lord of al-Nadr, I can smell its fragrance from this side of Uhud": This may be taken literally — that he actually smelled its fragrance — or it may mean that he envisioned the Paradise prepared for the martyr. "From this side of Uhud": From a place nearer than the mountain of Uhud near Madinah. "Mutilated" (maththala bihi): They disfigured his face by cutting off limbs such as the nose, ears, and so forth. "Fingertips" (bananih): The fingers and their tips.
الدروس · lessons
فيه ما يدل على إيمان أنس بن النضر رضي اللّهُ عنه أنّه قال: (ليرين اللّه) ولم يقل ليرين غيره، فدلّ قوله هذا على إخلاصه، وأنّه لم يرد أن يرى ما فعله غير اللّه عزّ وجلّ، ولا جرم أنّ اللّه سبحانه وتعالى أظهر بركة إخلاصه عليه. جواز الوعد الحسن، وإلزام النفس بفعل ما هو خير. قوله: (انكشف)؛ أي: انهزم، وفيه حسن العبارة حيث لم يعبّر في المسلمين بالانهزام. صدق أصحاب رسول اللّه صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم في طلب الشهادة وتشوقهم إلى الجنّة. من صدَق اللّهَ في طلب الشهادة صدَقه اللّه في نيلها، وأرشده إلى سبيلها، وشرح صدره لها حتى يجد نتائجها بروحه وحواسه. استحضار الجنّة والشعور بقُربها من الشهيد.
This hadith demonstrates the faith of Anas ibn al-Nadr (may Allah be pleased with him), as he said: "Allah will surely see," and did not say "others will see." This indicates his sincerity and that he did not want anyone other than Allah to witness his deeds. And indeed, Allah the Most High manifested the blessings of his sincerity upon him. The permissibility of making a good promise and binding oneself to do what is virtuous. His saying "were driven back" (inkashafa) — meaning retreated — reflects the refinement of expression, as he did not describe the Muslims with the word "defeat." The sincerity of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) in seeking martyrdom and their longing for Paradise. Whoever is truthful with Allah in seeking martyrdom, Allah will be truthful with him in granting it, guiding him to its path, and opening his heart to it until he perceives its fruits with his spirit and senses. Envisioning Paradise and sensing its nearness at the time of martyrdom.