عَنْ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ الْعِرْباضِ بْنِ سَارِيَة رضي اللّه عنه قال: وَعَظَنَا رسولُ اللّه صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم مَوْعِظَةً بليغةً وَجِلَتْ مِنْهَا القُلُوبُ، وَذَرَفَتْ مِنْهَا العُيُون، فقُلْنَا: يا رَسولَ اللّه كَأَنَّهَا موْعِظَةُ مُوَدِّعٍ فَأَوْصِنَا. قال: «أُوصِيكُمْ بِتَقْوى اللّه، وَالسَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ وإِنْ تَأَمَّر عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ، وإنَّهُ مَنْ يَعِشْ مِنْكُمْ فَسَيرى اخْتِلافًا كثِيرًا. فَعَلَيْكُمْ بسُنَّتي وَسُنَّةِ الْخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِينَ الْمَهْدِيِّينَ، عَضُّوا عَلَيْهَا بالنَّواجِذِ، وإِيَّاكُمْ ومُحْدَثَاتِ الأُمُورِ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ بِدْعَةٍ ضلالَةٌ» رواه أبو داود، والترمذِي وقال حديث حسن صحيح.
On the authority of Abu Najih al-Irbad ibn Sariyah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) delivered an eloquent admonition that caused hearts to tremble and eyes to shed tears. We said: 'O Messenger of Allah, this seems like a farewell admonition, so advise us.' He said: 'I advise you to fear Allah, and to hear and obey even if a slave is appointed over you. Indeed, whoever among you lives will see great disagreement. So hold fast to my sunnah and the sunnah of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs. Cling to it firmly with your molar teeth. And beware of newly invented matters, for every innovation is misguidance.' Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi, who said it is a good and sound hadith (hasan sahih).
الشرح · explanation
موعظة: من الوعظ وهو النصح والتذكير بالعواقب. بليغة: مؤثرة تبلغ سويداء القلب وتؤثر فيه. وجلت: خافت. ذرفت: سالت. موعظة مودع: إنّما فهموا ذلك من مبالغته في تخويفهم وتحذيرهم على خلاف ما كانوا يعهدون منه. النَّواجِذ: الأَنْيَاب، وقيلَ: الأَضْرَاس. بدعة: ما أُحدِث في الدِّين ممّا لم يَرِدّ في الشّرع. ضلالة: بُعد عن الحقّ.
Admonition (maw'izah): From wa'z, meaning counsel and reminding of consequences. Eloquent (balighah): Deeply affecting, reaching the innermost depths of the heart and leaving a profound impact. Trembled (wajilat): Became fearful. Shed tears (dharafat): Flowed. Farewell admonition: They understood this from his extraordinary emphasis in warning and cautioning them, which was unlike what they were accustomed to from him. Molar teeth (nawajidh): The canine teeth; it is also said: the molars. Innovation (bid'ah): That which is newly introduced into the religion without any basis in the Sacred Law. Misguidance (dalalah): Deviation from the truth.
الدروس · lessons
لزوم تقوى اللّه تعالى، وهي امتثال أوامر الشرع واجتناب نواهيه. لزوم طاعة الأمراء ما داموا يأمرون بطاعة اللّه ولو كان فيهم نقص اجتماعي في نظر بعض الناس. الطاعة التي تَلزَم للإمام الشرعي مشروطة بأن تكون موافقة لأحكام الشريعة، فإذا تعارض أمره مع شرع اللّه ورسوله فلا تجب طاعته. إشارة إلى ما سيؤول إليه أمر الأمّة من تفرّق يوهن قوتها. ينبغي التمسك بسنّة الرسول صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم، وسنّة خلفائه الراشدين من بعده. الخلفاء الراشدون هم أبو بكر وعمر وعثمان وعلي رضي اللّه عنهم، وما عُرف عن هؤلاء الصحابة الكرام من الأحكام أولى بالاتباع من غيرهم، لمزيد علمهم بالسنّة وورعهم في الدين. منشأ الذم في البدعة هو ما اقترن بها من زيادة على الدِّين تصادم اكتماله وتمامه.
Adherence to the fear of Allah (taqwa), which means obeying the commands of the Sacred Law and avoiding its prohibitions. Obedience to rulers is obligatory as long as they command obedience to Allah, even if they have social shortcomings in the eyes of some people. The obedience owed to a legitimate leader is conditional upon it being in accordance with the rulings of the Shari'ah; if his command contradicts the law of Allah and His Messenger, then obedience to him is not obligatory. An indication of the division that would later afflict the Muslim nation, weakening its strength. One should hold firmly to the sunnah of the Messenger (peace be upon him) and the sunnah of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs after him. The Rightly-Guided Caliphs are Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them). The rulings known from these noble Companions are more worthy of being followed than those of others, due to their greater knowledge of the sunnah and their scrupulous piety in religion. The basis for the censure of innovation is that it constitutes an addition to the religion that contradicts its completeness and perfection.