عن أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ عبْدِ الرَّحْمَن بنِ سعدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ رضي اللّه عنه قال: اسْتَعْملَ النَّبِيُّ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم رَجُلًا مِن الأَزْدِ -يُقَالُ لَهُ: ابْـنُ اللُّتْبِيَّةِ- عَلَى الصَّدقَةِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ قـال: هَذَا لَكُمْ، وَهَذَا أُهدِيَ إِلَيَّ، فَقَامَ رسولُ اللّه صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم على المِنبَرِ، فَحمِدَ اللّه وأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قال: «أَمَّا بعْدُ فَإِنِّي أَسْتعْمِلُ الرَّجُلَ مِنْكُمْ على الْعمَلِ مِمَّا ولَّانِي الله، فَيَأْتِي فَيَقُولُ: هَذَا لَكُمْ، وَهَذَا هَدِيَّةٌ أُهْدِيَت إِلَيَّ، أَفَلا جلسَ في بيتِ أَبيهِ أَوْ أُمِّهِ حتَّى تأْتِيَهُ هديَّتُه إِنْ كَانَ صادقًا، واللّه لا يأْخُذُ أَحدٌ مِنْكُمْ شَيْئًا بِغَيْرِ حقِّهِ إلَّا لَقِيَ اللّه تَعالَى، يَحْمِلُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ، فَلا أَعرِفَنَّ أَحدًا مِنْكُمْ لَقِيَ اللّه يَحْمِلُ بعِيرًا لَهُ رُغَاءٌ، أَوْ بَقرةً لَهَا خُوارٌ، أَوْ شاةً تيْعَرُ» ثُمَّ رفَعَ يَديْهِ حتَّى رُؤِيَ عُفْرَةُ إبْطَيْهِ فقال: «اللَّهُمَّ هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ» ثلاثًا. متفقٌ عليه.
Abu Humayd 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Sa'd al-Sa'idi (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (peace be upon him) appointed a man from the Azd tribe — called Ibn al-Lutbiyyah — to collect the zakat. When he returned, he said: "This is for you, and this was given to me as a gift." The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) then stood on the pulpit, praised Allah and extolled Him, then said: "As for what follows: I appoint a man from among you to carry out a task that Allah has entrusted me with, and he comes back saying: 'This is for you, and this is a gift that was given to me.' Why did he not sit in his father's or mother's house to see if any gifts would come to him, if he is truthful? By Allah, none of you takes anything without right except that he will meet Allah carrying it on the Day of Resurrection. Let me not find any of you coming on the Day of Resurrection carrying a camel that is groaning, or a cow that is lowing, or a sheep that is bleating." Then he raised his hands until the whiteness of his armpits was visible and said: "O Allah, have I conveyed the message?" — three times. Agreed upon (narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
استعمل: جعله مكلَّفًا بعمل أو وظيفة عامّة. الأزد: قبيلة من قبائل العرب في اليمن. على الصدقة: أي جمع الزكاة. هذا لكم: أي ما جمعتُه من الزكاة. ولاني اللّه: جعل لي تصرفًا فيه وولاية عليه. رغاء: صوت الإبل. خوار: صوت البقر. تَيعرُ: تصيح، فعلٌ من اليعار، وهو صوت الشاة. عُفرة إبطيه: بياضهما الذي ليس بالناصع.
Appointed (ista'mala): assigned him a task or public duty. The Azd (al-Azd): a tribe from among the Arab tribes of Yemen. To collect the zakat (ala al-sadaqah): meaning to collect the obligatory charity. This is for you (hadha lakum): meaning what I collected of zakat. Entrusted me with (wallani Allah): gave me authority and governance over it. Groaning (rugha'): the sound of camels. Lowing (khuwar): the sound of cows. Bleating (tay'ar): crying out — a verb derived from al-yu'ar, which is the sound of sheep. The whiteness of his armpits ('ufrat ibtayhi): the non-pure white color of his armpits.
الدروس · lessons
من واجب وليّ الأمر جمع الزكاة وصرفها لمستحقّيها بالعدل. من رأى متأوِّلًا أخطأ فعليه أن يُبيّن خطأه دون ذكر اسمه ليحذِّر من ذلك. الهَدِيّة لولاة الأمور والقائمين على الوظائف العامّة - من أجل مراكزهم ومناصبهم - رشوة يحرم إعطاؤها، وأخذهم لها أكلٌ لأموال الأمة بالباطل، وطلبها ظلم واعتداء. تجوز الهدية للموظفين إذا كانت من قريب له أو صديق جرت العادة بمبادلة الهدايا بينهما، شريطة أن لا تكون للمُهدِي قضية أو مصلحة عند من يُهدَى إليه. لا يجوز استغلال الوظائف والمناصب للمنفعة الخاصة. من أخذ أموال الناس بالباطل وخفي أمره في الدنيا فضحه اللّه تعالى يوم القيامة على رؤوس الأشهاد وأظهر فعله وعاقبه عليه.
It is the duty of the ruler to collect zakat and distribute it justly to those entitled to receive it. Whoever sees someone making an error in judgment must clarify his mistake without mentioning his name, to serve as a warning to others. Gifts given to public officials and those in positions of authority — on account of their positions and offices — constitute bribery. Giving such gifts is forbidden, and accepting them is unlawful consumption of the community's wealth; soliciting them is injustice and aggression. Gifts to officials are permissible if they come from a relative or a friend with whom there is a customary exchange of gifts, provided the gift-giver has no case or interest pending before the recipient. It is impermissible to exploit offices and positions for personal gain. Whoever takes people's wealth unlawfully and conceals his deed in this world will be exposed by Allah on the Day of Resurrection before all of creation, and will be punished for it.