عَنْ أبي هُريْرة رضي اللّهُ عنه قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «غزا نَبِيٌّ مِنَ الأَنْبِياءِ صَلَواتُ اللّه وسلامُهُ علَيهِم فَقَالَ لقوْمِهِ: لا يَتْبَعَنِّي رَجُلٌ ملَكَ بُضْعَ امْرَأَةٍ وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ أَن يَبْنِيَ بِهَا وَلَمَّا يَبْنِ بِها، ولا أَحدٌ بَنَى بيُوتًا لَمْ يرفَعْ سُقوفَهَا، ولا أَحَدٌ اشْتَرى غَنَمًا أَوْ خَلِفَاتٍ وهُو يَنْتَظِرُ أوْلادَهَا، فَغزَا فَدنَا مِنَ الْقَرْيةِ صلاةَ العصْرِ أَوْ قَريبًا مِنْ ذلكَ، فَقَال للشَّمس: إِنَّكِ مَأمُورةٌ وأَنا مأمُورٌ، اللّهمَّ احْبِسْهَا علَينا، فَحُبِستْ حَتَّى فَتَحَ اللهُ عليْهِ، فَجَمَعَ الْغَنَائِمَ، فَجاءَتْ -يَعْنِي النَّارَ- لتَأكُلَهَا فَلَمْ تَطْعَمْهَا، فقال: إِنَّ فِيكُمْ غُلُولًا، فَلْيُبايِعْنِي مِنْ كُلِّ قبِيلَةٍ رجُلٌ، فلَزِقَتْ يَدُ رَجُلٍ بِيَدِهِ فَقَالَ: فِيكُمُ الْغُلولُ، فلتُبايِعْنِي قَبيلَتُكَ، فلَزِقَتْ يدُ رجُليْنِ أو ثلاثَةٍ بِيَدِهِ فقَالَ: فِيكُمُ الْغُلُولُ، فَجاؤوا برَأْسٍ مِثْلِ رَأْسِ بَقَرَةٍ مِنْ الذَّهَبِ، فوضَعَها فَجَاءَتِ النَّارُ فَأَكَلَتْها، فلمْ تَحِلَّ الْغَنَائِمُ لأَحَدٍ قَبْلَنَا، ثُمَّ أَحَلَّ اللّهُ لَنا الغَنَائِمَ لمَّا رأَى ضَعْفَنَا وعَجْزَنَا فأحلَّها لنَا» متفقٌ عليه.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "A prophet among the prophets (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon them) went on a military expedition and said to his people: 'No man who has married a woman and wishes to consummate the marriage but has not yet done so should follow me, nor should anyone who has built houses but has not yet raised their roofs, nor anyone who has bought sheep or pregnant she-camels and is awaiting their offspring.' He then went on the expedition, and when he approached the town near the time of 'Asr prayer or close to it, he said to the sun: 'You are under command and I am under command. O Allah, hold it back for us.' So it was held back until Allah granted him victory. He then gathered the war spoils, and fire came to consume them but did not touch them. He said: 'There is dishonesty (ghulul) among you. Let one man from each tribe pledge allegiance to me.' The hand of a man stuck to his hand. He said: 'The dishonesty is among your people. Let your entire tribe pledge allegiance to me.' The hands of two or three men stuck to his hand. He said: 'The dishonesty is among you.' They brought a head of gold the size of a cow's head. He placed it down, and the fire came and consumed it. War spoils were not lawful for anyone before us. Then Allah made them lawful for us when He saw our weakness and inability, so He permitted them for us." Agreed upon (narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
النبيّ: هو يوشع بن نون. بضع: يُطلَق على الفَرْجِ والنكاح والجِماع. يبني بها: يدخل بها، وكانت عادة العرب إذا دخل الزوج على المرأة بنى عليها قبة من شعر أو غيره، فأَطْلق البناءَ وأراد الدخولَ تأدّبًا. الخَلِفات: جمْعُ خَلِفَةٍ، وهِي النَّاقَةُ الحاملُ. غلولًا: الغُلول: السرقة من الغنيمة قبل القِسمة.
The Prophet referred to is Yusha' ibn Nun (Joshua son of Nun). Bud': refers to the private parts, marriage, or consummation. Yabni biha: to consummate the marriage; it was the custom of the Arabs for the groom to erect a tent over the bride, so 'building' was used as a polite expression meaning consummation. Al-Khalifat: plural of khalifah, which is a pregnant she-camel. Ghulul: stealing from the war spoils before their distribution.
الدروس · lessons
نهى النبيّ قومه عن اتباعه على إحدى هذه الأحوال، لأنّ أصحابها يكونون متعلقي النفوس بهذه الأسباب، فتضعف عزائمهم وتفتر رغباتهم في الجهاد والشهادة. مقصود النبيّ تفرُّغُهم من العوائق والأشغال ليُقْبلوا على الجهاد بنية صادقة وعزم حازم. ثبوت المعجزات للأنبياء عليهم الصلاة والسلام؛ وذلك لأنّ الشمس حسب طبيعتها التي خلقها اللّه عليها تجري دائمًا ولا تقف ولا تتقدم ولا تتأخر إلا بأمر اللّه عزّ وجلّ، لكنّ اللّه هنا أمرها أن تنحبس، فطال الوقت ما بين صلاة العصر إلى الغروب. الغنائم في الأمم السابقة كانت لا تحل للغزاة، فكانوا يجمعون الغنائم فتنزل عليها نار من السماء فتحرقها، أما في قصة هذا الحديث فجُمعت الغنائم فلم تنزل النار ولم تأكلها لوجود غلولٍ. أنّ اللّه تعالى أباح لأمة سيدنا محمد صلّى اللّه عليه وسلم الغنائم، وكان هذا من خصوصياته عليه الصلاة والسلام. قدرة اللّه عزّ وجلّ تتجلى في هذه النار تنزل من السماء، لا يُدرى من أين، لا هي من أشجار الأرض، ولا من حطب الأرض، بل من السماء، يأمرها اللّه فتنزل فتأكل هذه الغنيمة التي جُمِعت.
The prophet forbade those in these conditions from following him because their hearts would be attached to these matters, weakening their resolve and diminishing their desire for jihad and martyrdom. The prophet's intention was for them to be free from distractions and preoccupations so they would devote themselves to jihad with sincere intention and firm resolve. Affirmation of miracles for the prophets (peace be upon them), for the sun naturally runs its course as Allah created it and does not stop, advance, or fall behind except by Allah's command. But here Allah commanded it to halt, so the time between 'Asr prayer and sunset was extended. War spoils in previous nations were not lawful for the warriors. They would gather the spoils and fire would descend from the sky to consume them. In this hadith, the spoils were gathered but the fire did not descend or consume them because of the dishonesty (ghulul) present. Allah the Exalted permitted war spoils for the nation of our Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and this was among his special privileges. The power of Allah is manifested in this fire descending from the sky -- not from earthly trees or earthly fuel, but from the heavens -- Allah commands it and it descends to consume the gathered spoils.