عن سعد بن أبي وقّاص رضي الله عنه، قال: جاءَني رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يَعودُني عام حجَّة الوداع من وَجَع اشتدَّ بي، فقلت : يا رسولَ الله إنّي قد بَلغ بي من الوجعِ ما ترى، وأنا ذو مال ولا يرثُني إلّا ابنة لي ، أفأتصدَّق بثُلُثَيْ مالي؟ قال: «لا» قلت: فالشَّطْرُ يا رسول الله؟ فقال: «لا» قلت: فالثُّلُثُ يا رسول الله؟ قال: «الثُّلُثُ والثُّلُثُ كثير - أو كبير- إنَّك أَنْ تَذَر وَرَثتك أَغْنياء خَير مِنْ أنْ تَذَرهم عَالَة يَتكفَّفُون النَّاس، وإنَّك لنْ تُنفق نَفَقة تَبتَغي بها وجه الله إلّا أُجِرْتَ عليها، حتّى ما تَجعل فِي فِيْ امرَأَتِك». قال: فقُلت: يا رسول الله أُخلَّف بعد أصحابي؟ قال: «إنَّك لَنْ تُخلَّف فتَعْمل عملًا تبتغي به وجه الله؛ إلَّا ازدَدْتَ به درجة ورفعة، ولعلّك أَنْ تُخلَّف حتّى يَنتفع بك أقوام ويُضرَّ بك آخرون، اللّهمّ أمض لأصحابي هجرتهم، ولا تَرُدَّهم على أعقابهم، لكن البائس سعد بن خولة» يرثي له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن مات بمكة. متفق عليه.
On the authority of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came to visit me during the year of the Farewell Pilgrimage because of a severe illness I was suffering from. I said: "O Messenger of Allah, my illness has reached the extent you see, and I am a man of wealth with no heir except one daughter. Shall I give two-thirds of my wealth in charity?" He said: "No." I said: "Then half, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "No." I said: "Then one-third, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "One-third, and one-third is much -- or large. It is better for you to leave your heirs wealthy than to leave them destitute, begging from people. And you will never spend anything seeking thereby the countenance of Allah except that you will be rewarded for it, even the morsel you place in your wife's mouth." I said: "O Messenger of Allah, will I be left behind after my companions?" He said: "You will not be left behind and perform any deed seeking thereby the countenance of Allah except that it will increase you in rank and elevation. And perhaps you will be left behind so that some people will benefit from you and others will be harmed by you. O Allah, complete for my companions their emigration and do not turn them back on their heels. But the unfortunate one is Sa'd ibn Khawlah" -- the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) felt sorry for him because he died in Makkah. Agreed upon (narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
يعودني: يزورني للسؤال والمواساة. تذر: تترك. عالة: فقراء. يتكففون الناس: يسألونهم ما في أكفّهم. أُخلّف بعد أصحابي؟: أُترك في مكّة بعد انصرافهم عنها؟ ينتفع بك: هذا من إخباره صلى اللّه عليه وسلم بالغيب، وقد فتح سعد العراق فاهتدى على يديه أقوام فانتفعوا، وقتل على يديه كفّار فخسروا. البائس: من اشتدّت حاجته واشتدّ حزنه. يرثي له: يحزن له ويتوجع من أجله.
"Visiting me" (ya'uduni): he came to visit me for inquiry and consolation. "Leave" (tadhar): leave behind. "Destitute" ('alah): poor. "Begging from people" (yatakaffafun): asking people for what is in their hands. "Will I be left behind after my companions?": Will I remain in Makkah after they have departed from it? "Some people will benefit from you": This is from his (peace be upon him) informing of the unseen; Sa'd later conquered Iraq, and through him people were guided and benefited, and disbelievers were killed at his hands and thus suffered loss. "The unfortunate one" (al-ba'is): one whose need and grief have intensified. "Felt sorry for him" (yarthi lahu): he grieved for him and expressed sorrow on his behalf.
الدروس · lessons
يجوز ذكر المرض لغرض صحيح من نحو مداواة أو دعاء رجل صالح. إباحة جمع المال من وجه حلال ولا يعدّ ذلك من الكنز إذا كان صاحبه يؤدّي حقّه. الصدقة أو الوصية في مرض موت لا تجوز بأكثر من الثلث إلا بإجازة الورثة. من كان صحيحًا ليس فيه مرض، أو فيه مرض يسير لا يُخشى منه الموت، فله أن يتصدّق بما شاء من ماله. ينبغي للإنسان أن يستشير من هو أكمل منه رأيًا، وأكثر منه علمًا. الإنفاق على العيال فيه أجر إذا قصد الإنسان به وجه الله تعالى.
It is permissible to mention one's illness for a valid purpose, such as seeking treatment or the supplication of a righteous person. It is permissible to accumulate wealth through lawful means, and this is not considered hoarding if one fulfills the rights due on it. Charity or a bequest made during a terminal illness may not exceed one-third of one's wealth, unless the heirs consent. A person in good health, or with a minor illness not feared to be fatal, may give in charity as much of his wealth as he wishes. One should seek counsel from those who are wiser and more knowledgeable. Spending on one's family carries reward if the person intends thereby the pleasure of Allah the Most High.