عن معن بن يزيد بن الأخنس رضي اللّه عنهم، قال: كان أَبِي يَزيدُ أخرجَ دنانيرَ يَتصدَّقُ بها، فوضَعها عِندَ رجل في المسْجد، فَجِئْتُ فأَخذتُها، فأَتيتُه بها، فقال: واللّهِ ما إيَّاك أردتُّ؛ فخاصَمتُه إلى رسول اللّه صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم فقال: «لَكَ مَا نَوَيْتَ يَا يَزِيدُ، وَلَكَ مَا أَخَذْتَ يَا مَعْنُ» رواه البخاري.
On the authority of Ma'n ibn Yazid ibn al-Akhnas (may Allah be pleased with them all), who said: My father Yazid set aside some gold coins to give in charity and placed them with a man in the mosque. I came and took them and brought them to him. He said: "By Allah, it was not you I intended!" So I took the dispute to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), who said: "You shall have the reward of what you intended, O Yazid, and you shall have what you took, O Ma'n." Narrated by al-Bukhari.
الشرح · explanation
لك ما نويت: أي ثواب الصدقة لأنّه نواها على محتاج، وابنه محتاج وإن لم ينوها له. لك ما أخذت: أي لك ملك ما أخذت، لأنّه قبضها قبضًا صحيحًا شرعًا.
"You shall have the reward of what you intended": meaning the reward of charity, because he intended it for someone in need, and his son was in need even though he did not specifically intend it for him. "You shall have what you took": meaning you have rightful possession of what you took, because he received it through a legally valid means.
الدروس · lessons
الإنسان يُكْتَب له أجرُ ما نوى، وإنْ وقع الأمر على خلاف ما أراد. صدقة التطوع يجوز دفعها للفروع والأصول. الصدقة الواجبة *(الزكاة)* لا يجوز دفعها للفروع ولا للأصول، إلَّا إِنْ كانوا من الغَارِمين، فيجوز لقضاء الدَّيْن. جواز التوكيل في توزيع الصدقة. لا عقوق من الأبناء للآباء في المخاصمة لمعرفة الحقّ. ينال المتصدّق الأجر إِنْ صحّت نيّته سواء وقعت صدقته في يد مستحق أم لا.
A person is credited with the reward of what he intended, even if the outcome turns out differently from what he planned. Voluntary charity may be given to one's children and parents. Obligatory charity (zakat) may not be given to one's children or parents, unless they are among those burdened with debt, in which case it may be given to settle their debts. It is permissible to delegate someone to distribute charity on one's behalf. There is no disobedience from children toward parents in seeking arbitration to determine the truth. The one giving charity receives the reward if his intention is sincere, whether his charity reaches a deserving recipient or not.