عن أبي بَكْرَةَ نُفَيْعِ بن الحارثِ الثَّقَفِيِّ رضي اللّه عنه، أنّ النَّبيّ صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم قال: «إذا التقى المسلمانِ بِسَيْفَيْهما فالقاتل والمقتول في النار» قلت: يا رسول اللّه هذا القاتِل فما بالُ المقتول؟ قال: «إنّه كان حريصًا على قتل صاحبه». متفق عليه
On the authority of Abu Bakrah, Nufay' ibn al-Harith al-Thaqafi (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "When two Muslims confront each other with their swords, both the killer and the killed are in the Hellfire." I said: "O Messenger of Allah, this is the killer, but what about the one who was killed?" He said: "He was eager to kill his companion." Agreed upon (narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
التقى المسلمان بسيفيهما: قصد كل واحد منهما قتل صاحبه.
"Two Muslims confront each other with their swords": meaning each one of them intended to kill the other.
الدروس · lessons
أن سبب دخول المقتول النار هو عزمه وإصراره على قتل صاحبه ولكنّه عجز عن ذلك. أنَّ قتالَ المسلِمِ لأخيه بغيرِ وجهٍ شرعيٍّ كبيرةٌ مِن الكبائر. التفكير في ارتكاب المعصية وما يجري من خواطر في القلب لا يحاسب عليهما المرء إلّا إذا باشرهما. التحذير من اقتتال المسلمين، لأنّ ذلك يؤدي إلى إضعافهم وسخط اللّه عليهم. الوعيد المذكور في هذا الحديث محمول على كون القاتل والمقتول مسلمَين يقتتلان حميّة وعصبيّة ودون مبرر شرعيّ.
The reason the killed person enters the Hellfire is his determination and insistence on killing his companion, even though he was unable to carry it out. Fighting between Muslims without a legitimate Islamic reason is a major sin. Mere thoughts about committing a sin and passing notions in the heart are not held against a person unless he acts upon them. This is a warning against Muslims fighting one another, as it leads to their weakening and the displeasure of Allah upon them. The warning mentioned in this hadith applies when the killer and the killed are both Muslims fighting out of tribal pride, partisanship, and without any legitimate justification.