عن أبي هريرةَ رضي اللّهُ عنه قال: قالَ رسولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «إِنَّ اللّهَ تَعَالى خَلَقَ الخَلْقَ حَتَّى إِذَا فَرَغَ مِنْهُمْ قَامَتِ الرَّحِمُ فَقَالَتْ: هذا مُقَامُ الْعَائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ الْقَطِيعَةِ، قال: نَعَمْ، أَمَا تَرْضَيْنَ أَنْ أَصِلَ مَنْ وَصَلَكِ، وَأَقْطَعَ مَنْ قَطَعَكِ؟ قالت: بَلَى، قال فذلِك لكِ» ثم قال رسولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «اقْرَؤُوا إِنْ شِئتُمْ: {فهَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ إِن تَولَّيْتُم أَنْ تُفسِدُوا في الأَرْضِ وتُقطِّعُوا أَرْحامَكُمْ (٢٢) أُولَئِكَ الذين لَعنَهُمُ اللّهُ فأَصَمَّهُمْ وَأَعْمَى أَبْصَارَهُمْ}» [ محمد: ٢٢، ٢٣]. متفقٌ عليه. وفي رواية للبخاريّ: «فقالَ اللّهُ تعالى: مَنْ وَصَلَكِ وَصَلْتُهُ، ومَنْ قَطَعَكِ قطَعْتُه.»
On the authority of Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Allah Most High created creation, and when He had finished, the womb (kinship) stood up and said: This is the place of one seeking refuge with You from severance. He said: Yes—are you not pleased that I should keep ties with whoever keeps ties with you, and sever (My ties) with whoever severs you? It said: Indeed. He said: Then so it shall be for you." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Recite, if you wish: {Then would you perhaps, if you turned away, cause corruption on earth and sever your ties of kinship? (22) Those are the ones that Allah has cursed, so He deafened them and blinded their vision.}" [Muhammad: 22–23]. [Agreed upon.] In a narration of al-Bukhari: "And Allah Most High said: Whoever keeps ties with you, I shall keep ties with him; and whoever severs you, I shall sever him."
الشرح · explanation
فرغ منهم: أي لمّا انتهى من خَلقهم. قامت الرحم: قيام الرحم وكلامها قيل حقيقةً؛ بأن يُنطِقَها اللّهُ بقدرته، وليس هذا على اللّهِ تعالى بعزيز، ونحن نؤمن بذلك ونعمل بمقتضاه ولا نعلم كيفيته، فهو من أمور الغيب. العائذ: المستجير. أَنْ أَصِلَ مَنْ وَصَلَكِ: الوَصْلُ ضد الهجران والقطع.
"Finished with them" (faragha minhum): meaning, when He had completed their creation. "The womb stood up": the standing and speaking of the womb (raḥim) was, it is said, literal—Allah granted it speech by His power, and that is not difficult for Allah Most High. We affirm this and act in accordance with its meaning, while not knowing the precise manner; it belongs to the matters of the unseen. "The seeker of refuge" (al-‘ā'idh): the one seeking shelter and protection. "That I should keep ties with whoever keeps ties with you": maintaining ties (waṣl) is the opposite of abandonment and severance.
الدروس · lessons
حرمة قطع الأرحام ووجوب تعاهد الأرحام بالزيارة والإعانة وحسن العشرة. ذَوُو الأرحام الذين تجب صلتهم قيل هم: الأقارب الذين يَحرُم التزاوج بينهم من جهة الأب أو الأم، وقيل: هو عام في كل ذي رحم من الأقارب، ثم يتفاوت حقهم تبعًا لدرجة القرابة.
The grave prohibition of severing ties of kinship and the obligation of maintaining them through visiting, providing assistance, and good companionship. The kinsfolk whose ties must be maintained—it is said they are: relatives between whom marriage is forbidden, whether through the father's or mother's side; and it is said: it is general, including every relative, with their rights varying according to the degree of kinship.