عن أبي هريرةَ رضيَ اللّهُ عنه قالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هذِهِ الآيَةُ: {وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ} [الشعراء: ٢١٤] دَعَا رَسولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ قُرَيْشًا، فاجْتَمَعُوا فَعَمَّ وخَصَّ، وقالَ: «يا بَني عبدِ شَمسٍ، يا بَني كَعْبِ بنِ لُؤَيٍّ أَنْقِذُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِنَ النَّارِ، يَا بني مُرَّةَ بـنِ كْعبٍ أَنْقِذُوا أَنفُسَكُمْ مِن النَّار، يا بني عبْدِ مَنَافٍ أَنْقِذُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِنَ النَّارِ، يا بَني هاشِمٍ أَنْقِذُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِنَ النَّارِ، يا بني عبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ أَنْقِذُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِن النَّارِ، يا فاطِمَةُ أَنْقِذِي نَفْسَكِ منَ النَّارِ، فَإِني لا أَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ منَ اللّهِ شيْئًا، غَيْرَ أَنَّ لَكُمْ رحِمًا سَأَبُلُّهَا بِبِلالِهَا» رواه مسلم.
On the authority of Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: When this verse was revealed: {And warn your nearest kindred} [al-Shu‘arā': 214], the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) summoned Quraysh; they assembled, and he addressed them in general and in particular, saying: "O Banū ‘Abd Shams! O Banū Ka‘b ibn Lu'ayy, save yourselves from the Fire! O Banū Murra ibn Ka‘b, save yourselves from the Fire! O Banū ‘Abd Manāf, save yourselves from the Fire! O Banū Hāshim, save yourselves from the Fire! O Banū ‘Abd al-Muṭṭalib, save yourselves from the Fire! O Fāṭima, save yourself from the Fire! For I cannot avail you anything against Allah; only that you have a kinship-tie which I shall moisten with its moisture (i.e., maintain)." [Reported by Muslim.]
الشرح · explanation
عشيرتك الأقربين: قرابتك الأدنَين. قريشًا: هم قبيلة رسولِ اللّهِ صلّى اللّهُ عليه وسلّم، وهم من ذرية إسماعيل عليه السلام. فعمَّ وخصَّ: دعاهم بما يعمهم، كقوله: يا بني كعب بن لؤي، وخصص بعضهم بالنداء، كقوله: يا فاطمة. أنقذوا أنفسكم: خلصوها من النار بالإيمان باللّه وبرسوله. سأَبُلُّها بِبِلالِهَا: سأَبُلُّها أي سأَصِلُها، يقال: بلَّ رحِمَهُ إذا وَصَلها، والبِلال الماء. والمعنى: أنّ الحرارةَ تُطْفَأُ بالماءِ، والأرحامَ تُبَرَّدُ بالصِّلةِ.
"Your nearest kindred" (‘ashīratak al-aqrabīn): your closest kin. "Quraysh": the tribe of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him); they are from the progeny of Ismā‘īl (peace be upon him). "He addressed them in general and in particular": he called them by what encompasses them, as in his saying: "O Banū Ka‘b ibn Lu'ayy", and singled out some of them by call, as in his saying: "O Fāṭima." "Save yourselves": rescue yourselves from the Fire by faith in Allah and His Messenger. "Sa-abullūhā bi-bilālihā": "I shall moisten it with its moisture"—I shall maintain it. It is said: balla raḥimahu ("he moistened his kinship") meaning he maintained it; and bilāl is water. The meaning: heat is extinguished by water, and (ties of) kinship are cooled by maintaining them.
الدروس · lessons
أن الجزاء يكون في الآخرة على الإيمان والأعمال الصالحة، ولا تنفع قرابة ولا نسب. وجوب صلة الرحم في الدنيا والبدء بذوي الأرحام في الإصلاح والتوجيه والدعوة إلى الخير. أنَّ المرء لا ينفعه يوم القيامة إلا ما يقدمه من عمل صالح، قال تعالى {فَإِذَا نُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَلَا أَنسَابَ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَلَا يَتَسَاءَلُونَ} (المؤمنون: ١٠١). الخلاص من النار المترتبة على الكفر والعصيان يكون بالإيمان باللّهِ تعالى وطاعته وأداء عبوديته.
Recompense in the Hereafter is upon faith and righteous deeds; neither kinship nor lineage avails. The obligation of maintaining ties of kinship in this world, and beginning with one's kin in reform, guidance, and the call to good. On the Day of Resurrection a person benefits only from what he has sent forth of righteous works. Allah Most High said: {When the Trumpet is blown, no relations will there be among them on that Day, nor will they ask of one another} [al-Mu'minūn: 101]. Salvation from the Fire that is owed to disbelief and disobedience is achieved by faith in Allah Most High, by obedience to Him, and by fulfilling His worship.