روضة الحديث
حديث 502·الباب 56 · باب فضل الجوع وخشونة العيش والاقتصار على القليل من المأكول والمشروب والملبوس وغيرها من حظوظ النفس وترك الشهوات.·رياض الصالحين · Riyad Al Salihin

عن أبي هُرَيْرَةَ رضيَ اللهُ عنه قال: وَاللهِ الذي لا إِلهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، إِنْ كُنْتُ لأَعْتَمِدُ بِكَبِدِي على الأَرْضِ مِنَ الجُوعِ، وإِنْ كُنْتُ لأَشُدُّ الحجَرَ على بَطْني منَ الجُوعِ، وَلَقَدْ قَعَدْتُ يوْمًا على طَرِيقِهِمُ الذي يَخْرُجُونَ مِنْهُ، فَمَرَّ بِيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، فَتَبَسَّمَ حِينَ رَآنِي، وعَرَفَ ما في وجْهي ومَا في نَفْسِي، ثُمَّ قال: «أَبا هِرٍّ» قلتُ: لَبَّيْكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ، قال: «الْحَقْ» ومَضَى فَاتَّبَعْتُهُ، فدَخَلَ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ،  فَأَذِنَ لي فدَخَلْتُ، فوَجَدَ لَبَنًا في قَدحٍ فقال: «مِنْ أَيْنَ هذَا اللَّبَنُ؟» قالوا: أَهْداهُ لَكَ فُلانٌ أَو -فُلانةٌ- قال: «أَبا هِرٍّ» قلتُ: لَبَّيْكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ، قال: «الحَقْ إِلى أَهْل الصُّفَّةِ فادْعُهُمْ لي» قال: وأَهْلُ الصُّفَّةِ أَضيَافُ الإِسْلام، لا يَأْوُون عَلى أَهْلٍ، ولا مَالٍ، ولا على أَحَدٍ، وكان إِذَا أَتَتْهُ صدقَةٌ بَعَثَ بِهَا إِلَيْهِمْ ولَمْ يَتَنَاوَلْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، وإِذَا أَتَتْهُ هديَّةٌ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ وأَصَابَ مِنْهَا وَأَشْرَكَهُمْ فيها، فسَاءَني ذلكَ، فَقُلْتُ: وما هذَا اللَّبَنُ في أَهْلِ الصُّفَّةِ؟! كُنْتُ   أَحَقَّ أَنْ أُصِيبَ منْ هذا اللَّبَنِ شَرْبَةً أَتَقَوَّى بِهَا، فَإِذا جاؤوا وأَمَرنِي فكُنْتُ أَنا أُعْطِيهِمْ، وما عَسَى أَن يَبْلُغَني منْ هذا اللَّبَنِ، ولمْ يَكُنْ منْ طَاعَةِ اللهِ وطَاعَةِ رسوله صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم بدٌّ، فأَتيتُهُم فدَعَوْتُهُمْ، فأَقْبَلُوا واسْتأْذَنُوا، فَأَذِنَ لهُمْ، وَأَخَذُوا مَجَالِسَهُمْ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ، قال: «يا أَبا هِرٍّ» قلتُ: لَبَّيْكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ، قال: «خذْ فَأَعْطِهِمْ» قال: فَأَخَذْتُ الْقَدَحَ، فَجَعَلْتُ أُعْطِيهِ الرَّجُلَ فيَشْرَبُ حَتَّى يَرْوَى، ثُمَّ يَرُدُّ عليَّ الْقَدَحَ، فَأُعطِيهِ الآخرَ فَيَشْرَبُ حَتَّى يروَى، ثُمَّ يَرُدُّ عَليَّ الْقَدحَ حتَّى انْتَهَيتُ إِلى النَّبِيِّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، وََقَدْ رَوِيَ الْقَوْمُ كُلُّهُمْ، فَأَخَذَ الْقَدَحَ فَوَضَعَهُ على يَدِهِ، فَنَظَرَ إِليَّ فَتَبَسَّمَ، فقال: «أَبا هِرّ» قلتُ: لَبَّيْكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ،  قال: «بَقِيتُ أَنَا وَأَنْتَ» قلتُ: صَدَقْتَ يا رسولَ اللهِ، قال: «اقْعُدْ فَاشْرَبْ» فَقَعَدْتُ فَشَربْتُ، فقال: «اشرَبْ» فشَربْتُ، فما زالَ يَقُولُ: «اشْرَبْ» حَتَّى قُلْتُ: لا وَالَّذِي بعثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما أَجِدُ لَهُ مسْلَكًا، قال: «فَأَرِني» فأَعطَيْتُهُ الْقَدَحَ، فحمِدَ اللهَ تعالى، وَسَمَّى وَشَرِبَ الفَضْلَةَ. رواه البخاري .

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: By Allah, besides Whom there is no god, I used to press my liver against the ground out of hunger, and I used to bind a stone against my belly out of hunger. One day I sat down by the path along which they would come out, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by me. He smiled when he saw me, and he recognized what was in my face and what was in my soul. Then he said, "Abu Hirr." I said, "At your service, O Messenger of Allah." He said, "Follow me," and he went on, and I followed him. He entered and asked permission, and permission was granted to me, so I entered. He found milk in a bowl and said, "Where is this milk from?" They said, "So-and-so, a man" or "a woman, gave it to you as a gift." He said, "Abu Hirr." I said, "At your service, O Messenger of Allah." He said, "Go to the people of the Suffah and call them to me." Now the people of the Suffah were the guests of Islam; they had no family, no wealth, and no one to turn to. Whenever charity came to him, he would send it on to them and take nothing of it for himself; and whenever a gift came to him, he would send some to them and partake of it, sharing it with them. This troubled me, and I said to myself, "What is this milk among the people of the Suffah? I had more right to take a drink from this milk to strengthen myself. When they come, he will order me, and I will be the one to give it to them, so what is likely to reach me from this milk?" Yet there was no escaping obedience to Allah and obedience to His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). So I went to them and called them, and they came and asked permission, and he granted it to them, and they took their seats in the house. He said, "O Abu Hirr." I said, "At your service, O Messenger of Allah." He said, "Take it and give it to them." So I took the bowl and began giving it to each man, who would drink until he was satisfied, then return the bowl to me; then I would give it to the next, who would drink until he was satisfied, then return the bowl to me, until I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and all the people had been satisfied. He took the bowl, placed it in his hand, looked at me, and smiled, and said, "Abu Hirr." I said, "At your service, O Messenger of Allah." He said, "There remain only you and I." I said, "You have spoken the truth, O Messenger of Allah." He said, "Sit and drink." So I sat and drank. He said, "Drink." So I drank. He kept saying, "Drink," until I said, "No, by Him Who sent you with the truth, I can find no room for it." He said, "Then hand it to me." So I gave him the bowl, and he praised Allah the Exalted, pronounced the name of Allah, and drank what remained. Reported by al-Bukhari.

الشرح · explanation

أعتمد بكبدي على الأرض: ألصق بطني بالأرض. الصفّة: الصُّفّة هي سقيفة في آخر مسجد رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم يجتمع بها فقراء المهاجرين، وكانوا يتفاوتون في العدد يزيدون وينقصون. القدح: آنية تروي الرجلين. مسلكًا: مكانًا يسلك فيه مني.

I press my liver against the ground: I press my belly to the ground. The Suffah: the Suffah was a shaded portico at the rear of the mosque of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) where the poor among the Emigrants would gather; their number varied, increasing and decreasing. The bowl (qadah): a vessel that quenches the thirst of two men. Room (maslakan): a place for it to pass through me.

الدروس · lessons

تكريم الرسول صلّى الله عليه وسلّم للفقراء من أصحابه واعتناؤه بهم. ثبوت معجزة تكثير الطعام لرسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، وقد وقع له مرارًا. حرمة الصدقة على رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، وجواز الهدية له. استحباب الجلوس عند الشرب، وتسمية الله وحده عند البدء. جواز شرب السُّؤْر، وهو الفضلة الباقية بعد الشراب. استحباب الإلحاح على الضيف للاستزادة من الطعام أو الشراب. جواز الأكل والشرب حتى الشبع من غير إسراف، ولا ينافي هذا استحباب التخفيف، لأن التخفيف هو الأفضل. تواضع النبي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم حيث شرب بعدهم جميعًا، وهو أشرف القوم ومع ذلك شرب فضلتهم فدل ذلك على أن هذا الفعل ليس فيه منقصة. البعض اليوم يرْوَى ويشبع هو أولًا ثم يعطي الفضلة لأطفال البيت أو الفقراء بحجة أنّ هذا من احترام الكبير ويأنف أن يأكل باقي طعام أهل بيته فضلًا عن باقي طعام إخوانه. من كان ينفر من شرب الفضلة ويعاف ذلك، دون أن يشعر الآخرين بترفّعه عنهم فلا شيء عليه لأنّ هذا شعور جبلّي وليس كل النّاس على درجة واحدة.

The Messenger's (peace and blessings be upon him) honouring of the poor among his Companions and his care for them. The establishment of the miracle of multiplying food for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), which occurred for him on numerous occasions. The prohibition of charity for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and the permissibility of giving him gifts. The recommendation of sitting while drinking, and of pronouncing the name of Allah alone at the outset. The permissibility of drinking the leftover (su'r), which is the remainder left after drinking. The recommendation of urging the guest to take more food or drink. The permissibility of eating and drinking to satiety without extravagance; this does not contradict the recommendation of taking little, for taking little is preferable. The humility of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), in that he drank after them all, even though he was the noblest of the people; despite this he drank what they had left, showing that this act involves no diminishment of dignity. Some people today first quench their own thirst and eat their fill, then give the leftover to the children of the household or to the poor, on the pretext that this is part of respecting the elder, and they disdain to eat the leftover food of their own household, let alone the leftover food of their brothers. Whoever feels aversion to drinking the leftover and finds it distasteful, without making others feel that he holds himself above them, incurs no blame, for this is an innate feeling and not all people are of one level.

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حديث 502 · باب فضل الجوع وخشونة العيش والاقتصار على القليل من المأكول والمشروب والملبوس وغيرها من حظوظ النفس وترك الشهوات. · روضة الحديث