عن أبي هريرة رضيَ الله عنه أَنَّ رسُولَ الله صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم قال: «لَيْسِ المِسْكِينُ الَّذِي تَرُدُّهُ اللُّقْمَةُ واللُّقْمَتانِ ، وَالتَّمْرَةُ والتَّمْرتَانِ ، وَلَكِنَّ المِسْكِينَ: الَّذِي لا يجِـدُ غِنًى يُغنِيهِ ، وَلاَ يُفْطَنُ لَهُ فَيُتَصدَّقَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَلاَ يَقُومُ فَيسْأَل النَّاسَ» متفقٌ عليه.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The poor person (miskin) is not the one whom a morsel or two, or a date or two, turns away; rather the poor person is the one who finds no wealth to suffice him, whose condition is not noticed so that charity might be given to him, and who does not stand up to beg from people." Agreed upon.
الشرح · explanation
ترده: أي يكتفي بأقل ما يعطى. يغنيه: يكفيه. يفطن: ينتبه ويلتفت إليه.
Turns him away: that is, he is satisfied with the least that is given. Suffice him: be enough for him. Noticed: heeded and attended to.
الدروس · lessons
الحث على تفقد المساكين المتعففين عن السؤال، ويمكن ذلك بطرق منها: صلة الرحم، فمن يصل رحمه وأقرباءه يطلع على أحوالهم فلو وجد قريبًا محتاجًا فهذا أولى الفقراء بالصدقة، وتفقد الجيران، فبعض الجيران قد يملكون بيتًا ويبيتون لا طعام لهم وتمنعهم العفّة عن السؤال، فضلًا عن جارٍ معلوم فقره وحاجته، وسؤال أهل الفضل والاستفسار منهم عن فقراء وأسر محتاجة لضمان وصول الصدقة لأحق النّاس بها عن طريق منافذ الخير والبر. من إشكالات التصدّق عدم مبالاة كثير منّا في التفكير لمن سيعطي صدقته والنظر لأقرب سائل على الطريق، ونظنّ بأننا هكذا أدينا الصدقة. نفى صلى الله عليه وسلم المسكنة عن السائل الطوَّاف لأنه تأتيه الكفاية، وقد تأتيه الزكاة زيادة عليها فتزول خصاصته.
Encouragement to seek out the needy who refrain from begging. This can be done by various means, among them: maintaining ties of kinship, for whoever keeps in touch with his relatives and kin becomes aware of their conditions, and should he find a relative in need, this one is the most deserving of the poor for charity; checking on neighbours, for some neighbours may own a house yet spend the night with no food, while their dignity keeps them from asking, let alone a neighbour whose poverty and need are known; and asking people of virtue and inquiring from them about poor and needy families, to ensure the charity reaches those most deserving of it through channels of good and righteousness. Among the problems with charity is that many of us pay no heed to thinking about whom we will give our charity to, looking instead to the nearest beggar on the road, and we suppose that we have thereby fulfilled the charity. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) negated poverty of the roaming beggar, because sufficiency comes to him, and zakah may come to him on top of it, removing his destitution.