عَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ رضيَ اللهُ عنْهُ قال: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم يُعَلِّمُهُمْ إِذا خَرَجُوا إِلى المَقابِرِ أَنْ يَقُولَ قَائِلُهُم: «السَّلامُ عَلَيكُمْ أَهْلَ الدِّيارِ مِنَ المُؤْمِنِينَ والمُسْلِمِينَ، وَإِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ بِكُمْ لاحِقُونَ، أَسْأَلُ اللهَ لَنَا وَلَكُمُ العافِيَةَ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ .
Buraydah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to teach them, when they went out to the graveyards, that the one speaking among them should say: "Peace be upon you, O dwellers of these abodes, believers and Muslims. We shall, Allah willing, join you. I ask Allah for well-being for us and for you." Narrated by Muslim.
الشرح · explanation
العافية: محو الأسقام والمراد به هنا محو الذنوب والأمن من المكروه.
"Well-being" (al-'afiyah): the removal of ailments; here it refers to the erasing of sins and safety from what is disliked.
الدروس · lessons
استحباب الدعاء للموتى وإشراك الإنسان نفسه بالدعاء لها والبدء بها وتخصيص السلام و الدعاء بأهل الإيمان. دلّ الحديث دلالة واضحة على أن الموتى محتاجون لدعاء الأحياء لهم، وأنهم ينتفعون بذلك.
The recommendation of supplicating for the dead, of including oneself in the supplication for them and beginning with oneself, and of singling out the people of faith with the greeting of peace and the supplication. The hadith clearly indicates that the dead are in need of the supplications of the living on their behalf, and that they benefit from this.