عَنْ أبي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ: أنَّ رسُولَ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ قال: «إذا مَاتَ الإنسَانُ انقطَعَ عمَلُهُ إلّا مِنْ ثَلاثٍ: صَدقَةٍ جاريَةٍ، أوْ عِلمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِهِ، أَوْ وَلَدٍ صَالحٍ يَدعُو لهُ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When a person dies, his deeds come to an end except for three: an ongoing charity, knowledge that is benefited from, or a righteous child who supplicates for him." Reported by Muslim.
الشرح · explanation
انقطع عمله: أي لخروجه من عالم الدنيا إلى البرزخ ولم يعد يستطيع العمل لزوال التكليف. صدقة جارية: صدقة مستمرة، يجري عليه أجرها بعد الموت.
"His deeds come to an end": that is, because of his departure from the world of this life to the barzakh, and he can no longer act, since the obligation of religious duty has been lifted from him. "An ongoing charity (sadaqah jariyah)": a continuous charity whose reward keeps flowing to him after death.
الدروس · lessons
ثبوت وصول الثواب إلى الميت بهذه الأمور الثلاثة، لأنّه كان المتسبب لها فكان كأنّه لا يزال يزاولها. الحثُ على عمل الخير الذي لا ينقطع أجره بعد الوفاة. بيان فضل العلم ونشره وتعليمه. أن صلاح الولد سيعود بالنفع على أبيه في حياته وبعد مماته.
The affirmation that reward reaches the deceased through these three things, because he was their cause, so it is as though he is still engaged in them. Encouragement to do good whose reward does not cease after death. An explanation of the merit of knowledge, of spreading it, and of teaching it. That the righteousness of a child will bring benefit to his father during his life and after his death.