عَنْ عائِشَةَ رَضيَ اللّهُ عَنْهَا: أَنَّ رَجُلًا قال للنَّبيِّ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: إنَّ أُمِّي افتُلتَتْ نَفْسُهَا، وَأُرَاهَا لوْ تَكَلَّمَتْ، تَصَدَّقَتْ، فَهَلْ لهَا أَجْرٌ إنْ تصَدَّقْتُ عَنْهَا؟ قالَ: «نَعَمْ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that a man said to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): My mother died suddenly, and I think that had she been able to speak she would have given in charity. So will she have a reward if I give in charity on her behalf? He said: "Yes." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
افتُلتَت نفسها: ماتت فجأة.
"Her soul was taken suddenly (uftulitat nafsuha)": she died suddenly.
الدروس · lessons
مشروعية الصدقة عن الميت وأنّه ينتفع بذلك. المسارعة إلى عمل الخير وبرّ الوالدين. حرص الصحابة رضي اللّهُ عنهم على استفتاء النّبيّ صلّى اللّهُ عليه وسلّم.
The legislated place of giving charity on behalf of the deceased, and that he benefits from it. Hastening to do good and to be dutiful to one's parents. The keenness of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) to seek religious rulings from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).