عَنْ أبي الْأَسْوَد قالَ: قَدِمْتُ الْمدِينَةَ، فَجَلَسْتُ إلى عُمْرَ بنِ الخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ، فَمرَّتْ بِهِمْ جنَازةٌ، فَأُثْنِيَ على صَاحِبها خَيْرًا، فقالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ: وَجَبَتْ، ثُمَّ مُرَّ بأُخْرى ، فَأُثْنِيَ على صَاحِبِها خَيْرًا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَجَبَتْ، ثُمَّ مُرَّ بِالثَّالِثَةِ، فَأُثْنِيَ على صاحِبِهَا شَرًّا، فَقَالَ عُمرُ: وَجَبَتْ ، قَالَ أَبُو الأسْوَدِ: فَقُلْتُ: وما وَجَبَتْ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنِينَ؟ قالَ: قُلتُ كما قالَ النَّبيُّ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ: «أَيُّمَا مُسلِمٍ شَهِدَ لهُ أَرْبعَةٌ بِخَيرٍ أَدْخَلَهُ اللّهُ الجنَّةَ» فَقُلنَا: وثَلاثَةٌ؟ قالَ: «وثَلاثَةٌ» فقلنا: واثْنانِ؟ قال: «واثْنَانِ» ثُمَّ لمْ نَسْأَلْهُ عَنِ الواحِدِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Abu al-Aswad reported: I came to Madinah and sat with Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him). A funeral passed by them and its person was praised well, so Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: It has become certain. Then another passed by and its person was praised well, so Umar said: It has become certain. Then a third passed by and its person was spoken ill of, so Umar said: It has become certain. Abu al-Aswad said: I asked: And what has become certain, O Commander of the Believers? He said: I said as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Any Muslim for whom four people testify with good, Allah will admit him into Paradise." We said: And three? He said: "And three." We said: And two? He said: "And two." Then we did not ask him about one. Reported by al-Bukhari.
الشرح · explanation
وجبت: أي ثبت ما قيل عنه واستحق عليه الجزاء.
"It has become certain (wajabat)": that is, what was said about him was established, and he became deserving of the recompense for it.
الدروس · lessons
يستحبّ لمن مرت به جنازة أن يدعو لها ويثني خيرًا إن كان الميّت أهلًا لذلك، لكن بلا مبالغة. حثّ الناس على فعل الخيرات ليستحقّوا الشهادة لهم بالخير فيفوزوا برضا اللّهِ تعالى عند الموت.
It is recommended for one by whom a funeral passes to supplicate for it and to praise it with good, if the deceased is deserving of that, but without exaggeration. Urging people to do good deeds so that they may deserve to be testified for with good, and thereby attain the pleasure of Allah the Exalted at death.