عَنْ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سرْجِسَ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قالَ: كانَ رسولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ إِذَا سَافرَ يَتَعوَّذُ مِنْ وعْثاءِ السَّفـَرِ، وكآبَةِ المُنْقَلَبِ، والحَوْرِ بعْدَ الكَوْنِ، ودعْوَةِ المظْلُومِ، وسُوءِ المنْظَرِ في الأهْلِ والمَالِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ. وفي رواية للتِّرْمِذِيِّ، والنَّسَائِيِّ، قالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: الحور بعد الكَوْر بِالرَّاءِ، وَكِلاهُما لهُ وجْهٌ.
Abdullah ibn Sarjis (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) travelled, he would seek refuge from the hardship of the journey, from a sorrowful return, from decline after increase, from the supplication of the wronged, and from an evil sight regarding family and wealth. Reported by Muslim. In a narration of al-Tirmidhi and al-Nasa'i, al-Tirmidhi said: "al-hawr ba'd al-kawr" with a "ra"; and both versions have a valid meaning.
الشرح · explanation
يتعوّذ: أي يستجير باللّه ويلوذ به. وعثاء السفر: شدّته. كآبة المنقلب: كل ما يورث الحزن والهمّ عند العودة إلى الأهل. الحور بعد الكون: النقصان بعد الزيادة، وقيل فساد الأمور. الكون أو الكور: بِالنُّونِ وَالرَّاءِ جميعًا معناه: الرُّجُوعُ مِنَ الاسْتِقَامَةِ والطاعة إِلى النَّقْص والمعصية.
"He would seek refuge": that is, he sought protection in Allah and took shelter with Him. "The hardship of the journey": its severity. "A sorrowful return": everything that brings about grief and worry upon returning to the family. "Decline after increase": diminution after growth; it is also said: the corruption of affairs. "Al-kawn or al-kawr": with the "nun" and the "ra" alike, its meaning is: returning from uprightness and obedience to deficiency and disobedience.
الدروس · lessons
استحباب الاستعاذة مما ذكر، لأنّ السفر مظنّة حصولها. التحذر من الظلم ابتداءً، ومن التعرّض لأسبابه. الحثّ على ردّ المظالم قبل السفر، لأنّ المظلوم قد يدعو فتستجاب دعوته في السفر فيكون ضررها أشدّ.
The recommendation of seeking refuge from what was mentioned, since travel is a place where such things occur. Guarding against wrongdoing from the outset, and against exposing oneself to its causes. Encouragement to return the rights of the wronged before travelling, since the wronged one may supplicate and his supplication be answered during travel, making its harm more severe.