عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «قَالَ اللّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابْنِ آدَمَ لَهُ إِلّا الصِّيَامَ، فَإِنَّهُ لِي، وَأَنَا أَجْزِي بِهِ، وَالصِّيَامُ جُنَّةٌ، فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ صَوْمِ أَحَدِكُمْ فَلا يَرْفُثْ وَلا يَصْخَبْ، فَإِنْ سَابَّهُ أَحَدٌ أَوْ قَاتَلَهُ فَلْيَقُلْ: إِنِّي صَائِمٌ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيدِهِ، لَخُلُوفُ فَمِ الصَّائِمِ أَطْيَبُ عِنْد اللّهِ مِنْ رِيحِ المِسْكِ، لِلصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ يَفْرَحُهُمَا: إِذَا أَفْطرَ فَرِحَ بِفِطْرِهِ، وَإِذَا لَقِيَ رَبَّهُ فَرِحَ بِصَوْمِهِ» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ، وَهَذَا لَفْظُ رِوَايَةِ الْبُخَارِيِّ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لَهُ: «يَتْرُكُ طَعَامَهُ وَشَرَابَهُ وَشَهْوَتَهُ مِنْ أَجْلِي، الصِّيَامُ لِي، وَأَنَا أَجْزِي بِهِ، والْحَسَنَةُ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا». وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِمُسْلِمٍ: «كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابْنِ آدَمَ يُضَاعَفُ: الْحَسَنَةُ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا إِلَى سَبْعِ مِئَةِ ضِعْفٍ، قَالَ اللّهُ تَعَالَى: إِلّا الصَّوْمَ، فَإنَّهُ لِي، وَأنَا أَجْزِي بِهِ، يَدَعُ شَهْوَتَهُ وَطَعَامَهُ مِنْ أَجْلِي، لِلصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ: فَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ فِطْرِهِ، وَفَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ لِقَاءِ رَبِّهِ، وَلَخُلُوفُ فِيهِ أطْيَبُ عِنْدَ اللّهِ مِنْ رِيحِ المِسك».
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah (the Mighty and Majestic) said: 'Every deed of the son of Adam is for him, except fasting; it is for Me, and I shall reward it.' Fasting is a shield, so when it is the fasting day of one of you, let him not speak obscenely nor make a clamor. If someone insults him or fights him, let him say: 'I am fasting.' By the One in whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad, the odor of the fasting person's mouth is more fragrant to Allah than the scent of musk. The fasting person has two joys in which he rejoices: when he breaks his fast he rejoices at breaking it, and when he meets his Lord he rejoices at his fasting." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim), and this is the wording of al-Bukhari's narration. In another narration of his: "He leaves his food, his drink, and his desire for My sake. Fasting is for Me, and I shall reward it; and a good deed is rewarded tenfold." In a narration of Muslim: "Every deed of the son of Adam is multiplied: a good deed is rewarded from tenfold up to seven hundred times. Allah the Exalted said: 'Except fasting, for it is for Me, and I shall reward it. He forsakes his desire and his food for My sake.' The fasting person has two joys: a joy when he breaks his fast, and a joy when he meets his Lord. And the odor of his mouth is more fragrant to Allah than the scent of musk."
الشرح · explanation
إلّا الصوم فإنّه لي: أي أستأثر به لنفسي لعظمة شأنه عندي، فأجري عليه من الأحكام ما لا أجريه على سائر الأعمال. وأنا أجزي به: أني أنفرد بعلم مقدار ثوابه وتضعيف حسناته. الصيام جنّة: الجنّة كل ما ستر، ومعنى كونه الصوم جنّة أنّه وقاية من الشهوات. فيكون وقاية من النار لأنّ النار حفت بالشهوات. فلا يرفث: المراد بالرفث في هذا الحديث: الفحش ورديء الكلام. ولا يصخب: لا يصيح غضبًا ولا يكثر لغطه. خلوف: هو تغير ريح فم الصائم من ترك الأكل والشرب.
"except fasting, for it is for Me": that is, I reserve it for Myself due to its great status with Me, so I apply to it rulings that I do not apply to other deeds. "and I shall reward it": that I alone know the measure of its reward and the multiplication of its good deeds. "Fasting is a shield": a shield (junna) is anything that protects; the meaning of fasting being a shield is that it is a protection against desires, and thus a protection from the Fire, for the Fire is surrounded by desires. "let him not speak obscenely (yarfuth)": what is meant by rafath in this hadith is lewdness and vile speech. "nor make a clamor (yaskhab)": let him not shout in anger nor be loud in his noise. "odor (khuluf)": the change in the scent of the fasting person's mouth from abstaining from food and drink.
الدروس · lessons
بيان فضل الصيام وأنّه يحفظ صاحبه من الضلال في الدنيا ومن عذاب النار في الآخرة. أنّ الصوم لا يقع فيه الرياء كما يقع في غيره. أنّ الأعمال قد حُددت مقادير ثوابها للناس وأنها تضاعف من عشرة إلى سبعمائة ضعف إلى ما شاء اللّه إلّا الصيام فإن اللّه يثيب عليه بغير تقدير. أنّ أعمال ابن آدم يجري فيها القصاص بينه وبين المظلومين، فيقتصون منه يوم القيامة بأخذ شيء من أعماله وحسناته إلّا الصوم فإنه لا يجري فيه القصاص. أجرُ الصائمِ عظيم كثير بِلا حساب، ففي الصيام صبْرٌ على طاعةِ اللّهِ، وصبرٌ عن مَحارِم اللّهِ، وصَبْرٌ على أقْدَارِ اللّهِ المؤلمة مِنَ الجُوعِ والعَطَشِ وضعفِ البَدَنِ والنَّفْسِ، فَقَدِ اجْتمعتْ فيه أنْواعُ الصبر الثلاثةُ، وَتحقَّقَ أن يكون الصائمُ من الصابِرِين. من آداب الصوم ترك الكلام الفاحش واللغط، والصبر على أذى الناس ومقابلة إساءتهم بالصبر والإحسان. للصوم أكثر من معنى ترك الطعام والشراب والشهوات فإنه يشمل ترك جميع القبائح والتحلي بالفضائل.
An account of the merit of fasting, and that it protects the one who observes it from misguidance in this world and from the torment of the Fire in the Hereafter. Fasting is not subject to showing off (riya') as other deeds are. The measures of reward for deeds have been specified for people, multiplied from tenfold up to seven hundred times, up to whatever Allah wills—except fasting, for Allah rewards it without measure. The deeds of the son of Adam are subject to retribution between him and those he wronged, who will take recompense from him on the Day of Resurrection by taking some of his deeds and good works—except fasting, for it is not subject to such retribution. The reward of the fasting person is immense and abundant, beyond reckoning. Fasting contains patience in obeying Allah, patience in abstaining from what Allah has forbidden, and patience with Allah's painful decrees of hunger, thirst, and weakness of body and soul. Thus all three types of patience are combined in it, and the fasting person is truly among the patient. Among the etiquettes of fasting is abstaining from obscene speech and clamor, bearing patiently the harm of people, and meeting their ill-treatment with patience and good conduct. Fasting means more than merely abstaining from food, drink, and desires; it includes abandoning all vile deeds and adorning oneself with virtues.