عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عنْهُمَا: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «إِذَا كَانُوا ثَلاثَةً فَلا يَتَنَاجَى اثْنَانِ دُونَ الثَّالِثِ» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ. وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُودَ وَزاد: قَالَ أَبُو صَالِحٍ: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ: فَأرْبَعَةً؟ قَالَ: (لا يَضُرُّكَ). وَرَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ فِي «الْمُوَطَّأِ»: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَنَا وَابْنُ عُمَرَ عِنْدَ دَارِ خَالِدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ الَّتِي بِالسُّوقِ، فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُنَاجِيَهُ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَحَدٌ غَيْرِي، فَدَعَا ابْنُ عُمَرَ رَجُلًا آخَرَ حَتَّى كُنَّا أَرْبَعَةً، فَقَالَ لِي وَلِلرَّجُلِ الثَّالِثِ الَّذِي دَعَا: اسْتَأْخِرَا شَيْئًا، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «لا يَتَنَاجَى اثْنَانِ دُونَ وَاحِد«.
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When you are three, let not two converse privately to the exclusion of the third." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim). Abu Dawud also reported it and added: Abu Salih said: I said to Ibn Umar: "And if they are four?" He said: "It does not harm you." Malik reported it in al-Muwatta' from Abdullah ibn Dinar, who said: Ibn Umar and I were at the house of Khalid ibn Uqbah which is in the market, when a man came wishing to converse privately with him, and there was no one with Ibn Umar but me. So Ibn Umar called another man until we were four, and he said to me and to the third man whom he had called: "Draw back a little," for I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Let not two converse privately to the exclusion of one."
الشرح · explanation
فلا يتناجى: الجملة خبر لفظًا نهي معنى، أي: لا يتكلما سرًا. استأخرا شيئًا: أي تأخرا بعض التأخر، وذلك ليبلغ المناجي مراده.
"Let not two converse privately": the sentence is declarative in form but prohibitive in meaning, that is, let them not speak secretly. "Draw back a little": that is, withdraw somewhat, so that the one confiding may attain his purpose.
الدروس · lessons
شمول الإسلام بتوجيهاته وتنظيماته كل جوانب الحياة، وفي هذا الحديث يعلمنا النبيّ صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم آداب المجلس. النهي عن تناجي اثنين دون الثالث أو تناجي ثلاثة دون الرابع وهذا إذا كان التناجي في الخير، أما التناجي في الشر فحرام وإن لم يكن معهما ثالث، قال تعالى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَنَاجَيْتُمْ فَلَا تَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَمَعْصِيَتِ الرَّسُولِ﴾ [سورة المجادلة: ٩]. الحكمة من هذا الأدب العظيم أن ترك الواحد بعيدًا عن سماع الكلام أو فهمه يحزنه ويظهر الشك فيه، أما إن كان معه غيره، فلا إثم عليه، لا محذور من التناجي.
The comprehensiveness of Islam, with its directives and regulations, encompassing every aspect of life; in this hadith the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) teaches us the etiquette of the gathering (majlis). The prohibition of two conversing privately to the exclusion of the third, or three to the exclusion of the fourth — this is when the private conversation is about good. As for a private conversation about evil, it is forbidden even if there is no third with them. Allah the Exalted said: "O you who believe, when you converse privately, do not converse in sin, transgression, and disobedience to the Messenger" [Surah al-Mujadalah: 9]. The wisdom behind this great etiquette is that leaving one person apart, unable to hear or understand the talk, saddens him and arouses his suspicion; but if there is another with him, there is no sin and no objection to the private conversation.