عنِ ابنِ مسْعُودٍ رضي اللَّه عنْهُ قَال: كُنَّا مع رسُولِ اللَّه صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم في سفَر، فَانْطَلَقَ لحَاجتِهِ، فَرأيْنَا حُمَّرةً معَهَا فَرْخَانِ، فَأَخذْنَا فَرْخيْها، فَجَاءتْ الحُمَّرةُ تَعْرِشُ فجاءَ النبيّ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم فقال: «منْ فَجع هذِهِ بِولَدِهَا؟ رُدُّوا وَلَدهَا إليْهَا» وَرأى قَرْيَةَ نَمْلٍ قَدْ حرَّقْنَاهَا، فَقال: «مَنْ حرَّقَ هذِهِ؟» قُلْنَا: نَحْنُ، قَالَ: «إنَّهُ لا ينْبَغِي أنْ يُعَذِّب بالنَّارِ إلّا ربُّ النَّارِ». رواه أبو داود بإسناد صحيح.
Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We were with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on a journey, and he went off to relieve himself. We saw a small bird (hummarah) with two chicks, and we took its two chicks. The hummarah came, hovering (with its wings). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came and said: "Who has distressed this (bird) by (taking) its young? Return its young to it." And he saw a colony of ants that we had burned, and he said: "Who burned this?" We said: "We did." He said: "It is not fitting that any punish with fire except the Lord of the Fire." Reported by Abu Dawud with a sahih (authentic) chain.
الشرح · explanation
حُمَّرة: طائر صغير كالعصفور. تعرش: ترتفع وتظل بجناحيها من تحتها. من فجع: من رزأ هذه وأصابها بفقد ولدها. قرية نمل: مسكن النمل، موْضِعُ النَّمْلِ مَع النَّملِ.
"Hummarah": a small bird like a sparrow. "Ta'rish": it rises up and shades what is beneath it with its wings. "Man faja'a (who has distressed)": who has grieved this (bird) and afflicted it with the loss of its young. "Qaryat naml (a colony of ants)": the dwelling of ants, the place of the ants together with the ants (in it).
الدروس · lessons
النهي عن تعذيب الطيور وأخذ أولادها، والنهي عن إحراق النمل والحشرات بالنار، أما إحراق بيت النمل الخالي من النمل فغير منهي عنه. من قتل إنسانًا بالنار فإنّه يقتل بها قصاصًا إن شاء ولي المقتول ذلك، وإن شاء اقتص بالسيف.
The prohibition of tormenting birds and taking their young, and the prohibition of burning ants and insects with fire. As for burning an anthill devoid of ants, that is not prohibited. Whoever kills a person with fire is (himself) killed by it in retaliation (qisas) if the slain person's guardian wishes that, or he may exact retaliation by the sword (if he wishes).