عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رضِي اللّه عنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «لأَنْ يَلَجَّ أَحَدُكُمْ في يَمِينِهِ في أَهْلِهِ آثَمُ لَهُ عِنْدَ اللّهِ تَعَالى مِنْ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ كَفَّارَتَهُ الَّتي فَرَض اللّه عَلَيْهِ» متفقٌ عليه.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "For one of you to persist in his oath concerning his family is more sinful for him before Allah the Exalted than that he should give the expiation which Allah has enjoined upon him." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
يلَجّ: أَيْ يتَمادَى فِيها، وَلا يُكَفِّرُ وهو يرى أن غيرها خير منها. آثَمُ: أَيْ أَكْثَرُ إِثْمًا. أن يعطي كفارته التي فرض اللّه عليه: أي أن يحنث بيمينه ثم يدفع الكفارة التي فرضها اللّه تعالى على من حنث بيمينه.
"to persist" (yalajj): that is, to continue in it and not make expiation, while he sees that something else is better than it. "more sinful" (athamu): that is, greater in sin. "than that he should give the expiation which Allah has enjoined upon him": that is, than that he should break his oath and then pay the expiation that Allah the Exalted has enjoined upon whoever breaks his oath.
الدروس · lessons
من استثنى في يمينه فحنث فيها، فلا كفارة عليه، والاستثناء في اليمين هو: أن يقول: سأفعل كذا إن شاء اللّه، أو لن أفعل كذا إلّا أن يشاء اللّه، فمن استثنى في يمينه لم تلزمه اليمين ولا كفارتها، والدليل على ذلك: قول اللّه تعالى: وَلَا تَقُولَنَّ لِشَيْءٍ إِنِّي فَاعِلٌ ذَلِكَ غَدًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ وَاذْكُرْ رَبَّكَ إِذَا نَسِيتَ وَقُلْ عَسَى أَنْ يَهْدِيَنِ رَبِّي لِأَقْرَبَ مِنْ هَذَا رَشَدًا. الحثّ على الاقتداء بالرسول صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم وخاصة في الأمور الشرعية.
Whoever makes an exception (istithna') in his oath and then breaks it, no expiation is upon him. The exception in the oath is that he says: "I will do such-and-such if Allah wills," or "I will not do such-and-such unless Allah wills." Whoever makes an exception in his oath, neither the oath nor its expiation is binding upon him. The proof for this is the saying of Allah the Exalted: "And never say of anything, 'Indeed, I will do that tomorrow,' except [when adding], 'If Allah wills.' And remember your Lord when you forget, and say, 'Perhaps my Lord will guide me to what is nearer than this to right conduct.'" Encouragement to follow the example of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), especially in matters of the Shari'ah.