عَنْ وَرَّادٍ كَاتِبِ المُغِيرَةِ بن شُعْبَة قالَ: أمْلَى عَلَيَّ المُغِيرَةُ بنُ شُعبةَ في كتاب إلى مُعَاويَةَ رضي اللّه عنْه، أنَّ النّبيِّ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم كَانَ يَقُول في دبُرِ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ مَكْتُوبَةٍ: «لا إلَهَ إلّا اللّه وَحدَهُ لا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ المُلْكُ وَله الْحَمْد وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيءٍ قَدِيرٌ، اللَّهُمَّ لا مانِعَ لِمَا أعْطَيْتَ، وَلا مُعْطِيَ لِمَا مَنَعْتَ، وَلا ينْفَعُ ذَا الجَدِّ مِنْكَ الْجَدُّ» وَكَتَبَ إلَيْهِ أنَّهُ« كَانَ يَنْهَى عَنْ قِيل وقَالَ، وإضَاعَةِ المَالِ، وَكَثْرةِ السُّؤَالِ، وَكَانَ يَنْهَى عَنْ عُقُوقِ الأمهَّاتِ، ووأْدِ الْبَنَاتِ، وَمَنْعٍ وهَاتِ» متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Warrad, the scribe of al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah, reported: Al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah dictated to me, in a letter to Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to say at the end of every obligatory prayer: "There is no god but Allah, alone, with no partner. His is the dominion and His is the praise, and He is powerful over all things. O Allah, none can withhold what You give, and none can give what You withhold, and no possessor of fortune benefits from his fortune against You." And he wrote to him that he [the Prophet] used to forbid idle talk (qil wa qal), squandering wealth, and asking too many questions; and he used to forbid disobedience to mothers, burying daughters alive, and withholding [what is due] and demanding [what one does not deserve]. Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
دبر: عقب. ذا الجد: أي صاحب الحظ والغنى. عقوق الأمهات: بأن يفعل معهن ما يتأذين به من كلام أو فعل. وأد البنات: دفن البنات أحياء في التراب، وكان العرب يفعلون ذلك في الجاهلية مخافة الفقر والعار. ومنع: أي من أداء الواجب. وهات: طلب ما لا يستحق، أو الإلحاح في المسألة
"At the end of (dubur)": immediately following. "Possessor of fortune (dha al-jadd)": that is, one endowed with luck and wealth. "Disobedience to mothers ('uquq)": that one does to them what causes them hurt, in word or deed. "Burying daughters alive (wa'd)": burying daughters alive in the earth; the Arabs used to do this in the pre-Islamic era (Jahiliyyah) out of fear of poverty and disgrace. "And withholding (man')": that is, from fulfilling what is due. "And demanding (hat)": asking for what one does not deserve, or persistence in begging.
الدروس · lessons
البدء بتدوين الحديث منذ عهد الصحابة رضي اللّه عنهم أجمعين. النهي عن عقوق الوالدين، وخص الأمهات في الحديث لضعفهن واحتياجهن، ولأنّ الغلبة في العقوق فيهن. النهي عن الامتناع عن أداء الواجب، والإلحاح في المسألة في طلب الحقوق وغير الحقوق.
The beginning of recording hadith in writing from the time of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them all). The prohibition of disobedience to parents; mothers were singled out in the hadith because of their weakness and need, and because disobedience most often befalls them. The prohibition of refusing to fulfill what is due, and of persistent demanding in seeking rights and other than rights.