عنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رضِي اللّه عنْهُ قال: قال رسُولُ اللّه صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «منْ قال: أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللّه الذي لا إِلٰهَ إِلّا هُو الحيَّ الْقَيُّومَ وأَتُوبُ إِلَيهِ، غُفِرَتْ ذُنُوبُهُ وإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ فَرَّ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ» رواه أبو داود والترمذي والحاكِمُ ، وقال: حدِيثٌ صحيحٌ على شَرْطِ البُخَارِيِّ ومُسلمٍ .
Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever says: 'I seek forgiveness from Allah, there is no deity but He, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of all, and I turn to Him in repentance,' his sins are forgiven even if he has fled from the battlefield." Reported by Abu Dawud, al-Tirmidhi, and al-Hakim, who said: a sahih (authentic) hadith according to the conditions of al-Bukhari and Muslim.
الشرح · explanation
الحيّ: صفة أزلية ذاتية تقتضي صحة اتصاف موصوفها بالصفات. القيوم: الدائم القيام بتدبير خلقه وحفظه. فر من الزحف: هرب من موطن الحرب. ومعنى "غفرت ذنوبه وإن كان قد فر من الزحف" أي غفرت صغائر ذنوبه المتعلقة بحق ربه وإن كان قد اقترف ما هو من الكبائر.
"The Ever-Living": an eternal, essential attribute that necessitates the validity of the One so described being characterized by [all perfect] attributes. "The Sustainer": the One who perpetually maintains the governance and preservation of His creation. "Fled from the battlefield": ran away from the place of battle. The meaning of "his sins are forgiven even if he has fled from the battlefield" is that the minor sins relating to the right of his Lord are forgiven, even if he has committed something that is among the major sins.
الدروس · lessons
فضل المداومة على هذا الاستغفار وخاصة بعد الوقوع في المعصية. لابد أن يصاحب الاستغفار إقلاع صادق عن الذنب والمعصية.
The merit of persevering in this seeking of forgiveness, especially after falling into sin. Seeking forgiveness must be accompanied by a sincere abandonment of the sin and disobedience.