عن عبد اللّه بن عبّاس رضي اللّه عنهما، عن رسول اللّه صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم فيما يروي عن ربّه تبارك وتعالى قال: «إنَّ اللّه كتب الحسنات والسيِّئات ثمَّ بَيَّنَ ذلك، فمن همَّ بحسنةٍ فلم يَعْمَلها كتبها اللّه تبارك وتعالى عنده حسنةً كاملةً، وإن همَّ بها فعمِلها كتبها اللّه عَشْر حسناتٍ إلى سبعمِائة ضِعفٍ، إلى أضعافٍ كثيرةٍ، وإن همَّ بسيِّئةٍ فلم يعْملها كتبها اللّه عنده حسنةً كاملةً، وإن همَّ بها فعمِلها كتبها اللّه سيِّئةً واحدة» متفق عليه
On the authority of Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with both of them), from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), in what he narrates from his Lord, the Blessed and Most High, who said: "Verily, Allah has decreed good deeds and bad deeds and then made that clear. Whoever intends to do a good deed but does not do it, Allah records it with Him as a complete good deed. If he intends to do it and then does it, Allah records it with Him as ten good deeds, up to seven hundred times, up to many more multiples. And whoever intends to do a bad deed but does not do it, Allah records it with Him as a complete good deed. But if he intends it and does it, Allah records it as a single bad deed." Agreed upon (narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
يروي عن ربه عزّ وجلّ: هذا حديث قدسيّ؛ وهو معناه من الله تعالى وألفاظه من النبي صلى الله تعالى عليه وسلم. تعالى: تنزّه عمّا لا يليق به. همّ بحسنة: أرادها ونواها وترجّح فعلها عنده وعقد عزمه عليها.
"He narrates from his Lord, the Almighty": This is a hadith qudsi; its meaning is from Allah the Most High, while its wording is from the Prophet (peace be upon him). "The Most High" (ta'ala): He is exalted above anything unbefitting of Him. "Intends to do a good deed" (hamma bi-hasanah): he desired it, intended it, inclined toward doing it, and resolved upon it.
الدروس · lessons
الحفظة من الملائكة يكتبون أعمال القلوب والجوارح معًا. هذا الحديث بيَّن مقدار تفضُّل الله عز وجل على خلقه ورأفته بهم. قوله أضعاف كثيرة، وذلك بحسَب قوّة الإخلاص وحُسن المتابعة للسُنّة وتعدّي النفع إلى الآخرين وغير ذلك من أسباب المضاعَفة. مضاعفة الحسنات فضل، ومكافأة السيئات عدل. من همّ بالسيّئة وسعى لفعلها، ثم عرض له عارض منعه من التمكّن منها، فهذا وإن لم يعمل السيّئة، إلّا أنّه آثم بها. أنّ من همّ بحسنة كتبت له حسنة وإن لم يعملها، لأنّ الهمّ بالحسنة سبب إلى عملها وسبب الخير خير. أن من همّ بسيّئة ثمّ رجع عنها لله تعالى لا لشيء آخر كتبت له حسنة، لأنّ رجوعه عن العزم عليها خير.
The recording angels write down the deeds of the heart as well as the deeds of the limbs. This hadith demonstrates the extent of Allah's generosity toward His creation and His compassion for them. The phrase "many more multiples" indicates that multiplication varies according to the strength of sincerity, adherence to the Sunnah, the benefit extending to others, and other causes for multiplication. The multiplication of good deeds is a grace from Allah, while the recompense for bad deeds is justice. Whoever intends a bad deed and strives to commit it, but is then prevented by an obstacle beyond his control, is still sinful for his intention, even though he did not commit the act. Whoever intends a good deed has it recorded for him even if he does not carry it out, because the intention to do good is itself a cause of good. Whoever intends a bad deed and then refrains from it for the sake of Allah -- not for any other reason -- has a good deed recorded for him, because his abandonment of the resolve is itself a good act.