عن ابن عباس رضي اللّه عنهما قال: كان عمر رضي اللّه عنه يُدْخِلُني مَع أَشْيَاخِ بَدْرٍ، فَكأنَّ بعْضَهُمْ وَجَدَ فِي نفسه فقال: لِمَ يَدْخُلُ هذا معنا ولنَا أبْنَاءٌ مِثْلُه؟ فقال عمرُ: إِنَّهُ من حيْثُ علِمْتُمْ، فدَعَاني ذاتَ يَوْمٍ فَأدْخلَني معهُمْ، فما رأَيْتُ أنَّه دعاني يوْمئِذٍ إِلّا لِيُرِيَهُمْ قال: ما تقولون في قول اللّه تعالى: {إذا جاءَ نَصْرُ اللّه والْفَتْحُ} [النصر:1] فقال بَعضُهُمْ: أُمِرْنَا نَحْمَدُ الله ونَسْتَغْفِره إذَا نَصرنَا وفَتَحَ علَيْنَا. وسكَتَ بعضُهُمْ فلم يَقُلْ شيئًا فقال لي: أَكَذلك تقول يا ابنَ عباس؟ فقلت: لا. قال: فما تقول؟ قلت: هُو أجلُ رسولِ اللّه صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، أَعْلمَه له قال: {إذا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللّه والْفتحُ} وذلك علامة أجلِك {فَسَبِّحْ بِحمْدِ رَبِّكَ واسْتغْفِرْهُ إِنَّه كانَ تَوَّابًا} [النصر:3] فقال عمر رضي اللّه عنه: ما أعْلَم منها إلَّا ما تَقُول. رواه البخاري.
On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) who said: 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to admit me into the gatherings of the veterans of Badr. Some of them felt uneasy about this and said: "Why does this young man enter with us when we have sons his age?" 'Umar said: "He is of the caliber you know." One day, 'Umar called me and admitted me with them, and I do not think he invited me that day except to demonstrate to them my knowledge. He asked: "What do you say about the saying of Allah the Most High: {When the victory of Allah has come and the conquest} [al-Nasr: 1]?" Some of them said: "We are commanded to praise Allah and seek His forgiveness when He grants us victory and conquest." Others remained silent and said nothing. He then said to me: "Is that what you say, O Ibn 'Abbas?" I said: "No." He said: "Then what do you say?" I said: "It is the announcement of the approaching end of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). Allah informed him of it, saying: {When the victory of Allah has come and the conquest} — that is the sign of your approaching end — {then exalt Him with praise of your Lord and ask His forgiveness. Indeed, He is ever Accepting of repentance} [al-Nasr: 3]." 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I know nothing of it except what you have said." Narrated by al-Bukhari.
الشرح · explanation
أشياخ بدر: أي ذوو الأعمار الكبيرة ممّن شهد بدرًا من المهاجرين والأنصار. بعضهم وجد: أي غضب. إلّا ليريهم: أي مثل ما رآه هو مني من العلم. علامة أجلك: فهو آيَتُك في الموت، أي قرب انتهاء أجلك.
"The veterans of Badr" (ashyakh Badr): The elderly among those who participated in the Battle of Badr from the Emigrants and the Helpers. "Some of them felt uneasy" (wajada): Some were displeased. "Except to demonstrate to them": To show them the same level of knowledge that he had observed in me. "The sign of your approaching end": It is the indication of your death — meaning the nearness of the end of your appointed term.
الدروس · lessons
أنَّ الرَّأي والفَهمَ والعِلمَ غيرُ مرتبطٍ بالسِّنِّ، وقيمة الإنسان بعلمه وعمله لا بحَسَبه وكبر سنّه. أنَّه على أولياءِ أُمورِ المسلِمينَ تَقديمُ النابِهين مِن الشَّبابِ، والأخذُ بآرائهم وأفكارِهم. في هذا الحديث إشارة إلى أنّه ينبغي للإنسان أن يفطن لمغزى الآيات الكريمة. في الحديث فضيلةٌ ظاهرةٌ لابنِ عبَّاس رضِي اللّه عنهما، وأثرٌ واضحٌ لإجابةِ دعوةِ النَّبيِّ صلَّى اللّه عليه وسلَّم أنْ يُعلِّمَه اللّهُ التأويلَ، ويفقِّهَه في الدِّين. ينبغي للإنسان أن يكثر من قول «سُبحانَكَ اللَّهم ربَّنا وبحمْدِك، اللَّهم اغْفر لي» في الركوع والسجود: فإنّه جامعٌ بين الذكر والدعاء، وكان النبيّ صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم يكثر أن يقولَه في ركوعِه وسجودِه بعد نزولِ هذه السُّورة. الأمر بالاستغفار تنبيه على دنو الأجل، لأنّه يكون في خواتم الأمور.
Sound understanding and knowledge are not tied to age; a person's worth is determined by his knowledge and deeds, not his lineage or advanced years. The leaders of the Muslim community should promote talented youth and take their opinions and ideas into consideration. This hadith indicates that one should be attentive to the deeper meanings of the noble verses. This hadith demonstrates an obvious virtue of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) and a clear effect of the answered supplication of the Prophet (peace be upon him) that Allah teach him the interpretation and grant him understanding of the religion. One should increase in saying "Glory be to You, O Allah our Lord, and with Your praise. O Allah, forgive me" in bowing and prostration, as it combines remembrance and supplication. The Prophet (peace be upon him) used to say this abundantly in his bowing and prostration after this surah was revealed. The command to seek forgiveness signals the approach of one's appointed end, for seeking forgiveness is characteristic of the conclusion of affairs.