عن أَبِي ذرٍّ جُنْدَبِ بنِ جُنَادَةَ رضي اللّه عنه قال: قلت يا رسولَ اللّه، أيُّ الأعْمالِ أفْضَلُ؟ قال: «الإِيمانُ باللّه، وَالجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِهِ». قُلْتُ: أيُّ الرِّقَابِ أفْضَلُ؟ قال: «أنْفَسُهَا عِنْد أهْلِهَا، وأكثَرُهَا ثَمَنًا». قُلْتُ: فَإِنْ لَمْ أفْعلْ؟ قال: «تُعينُ صَانِعًا أوْ تَصْنَعُ لأخْرَقَ» قُلْتُ: يا رسول اللّه أرَأَيْتَ إنْ ضَعُفْتُ عَنْ بَعْضِ الْعملِ؟ قال: «تَكُفُّ شَرَّكَ عَن النَّاسِ فَإِنَّها صدقةٌ مِنْكَ على نَفسِكَ». متفقٌ عليه.
On the authority of Abu Dharr, Jundub ibn Junadah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: I asked, "O Messenger of Allah, which deeds are the best?" He said: "Belief in Allah and jihad in His cause." I asked: "Which slaves are best to free?" He said: "The most valued by their owners and the highest in price." I asked: "What if I cannot do that?" He said: "You help a craftsman, or you do a job for someone who is unskilled." I asked: "O Messenger of Allah, what if I am too weak for some of these deeds?" He said: "You restrain your evil from people, for that is a charity from you upon yourself." Agreed upon (narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
أفضل: أكثر ثواباً عند اللّه تعالى. الجهاد: بذل الجُهد في القتال وغيره من وسائل إعلاء كلمة اللّه تعالى ونصرة دينه. الرقاب: جمع رقبة، وهي الشخص المملوك. أنفسها: أجودها وأحسنها. صَانِعًا: ورُوِى ضَائعًا: أيْ ذَا ضَيَاعٍ مِنْ فقْرٍ أوْ عِيالٍ، ونْحو ذلكَ. والأخْرَقُ: الَّذي لا يُتقنُ ما يُحاوِلُ فِعْلهُ. فإن لم أفعل: أي فإن لم أستطع. تكفُّ: تمنع. صدقة منك: أي له مثل أجر الصدقة.
"The best" (afdal): Having the most reward with Allah the Most High. "Jihad": Exerting effort in fighting and other means of elevating the word of Allah the Most High and supporting His religion. "Slaves" (al-riqab): Plural of raqabah, meaning an owned person. "The most valued" (anfasuha): The finest and best among them. "A craftsman" — and in another narration "someone in need" (da'i'an): One in a state of need due to poverty, dependents, and the like. "Unskilled" (al-akhraq): One who cannot properly do what he attempts. "What if I cannot do that?": Meaning if I am unable. "Restrain" (takuff): Withhold. "A charity from you": It carries the reward equivalent to charity.
الدروس · lessons
ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻓﻀل العمل ﻭﺛﻮﺍﺑﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ موافقًا ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ، وﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ خالصًا ﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻠّﻪ ﺗﻌﺎلى لا ﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ. أنّ الأعمال الصالحة تتفاوت في رتبتها ودرجتها. العاجز عن عملٍ صالح يؤمر بما هو دونه ممّا يستطيعه. الذي تدعوه نفسه لأذى النّاس بفعلٍ أو قَولٍ؛ فَيَكُفُّ شرّه عنهم فهو على خَير.
For a deed to be truly virtuous and rewarded, it must conform to the Shari'ah both inwardly and outwardly, and it must be done sincerely for the sake of Allah the Most High, not for any worldly purpose. Righteous deeds vary in their rank and degree. One who is unable to perform a particular righteous deed is directed to a lesser one that he is capable of. Whoever is inclined to harm people through word or deed but restrains his evil from them is upon goodness.