عن ابن مسعودٍ رضي اللّه عنه أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم قال: «ليس مِنْ نفْسٍ تُقْتَلُ ظُلمًا إِلَّا كَانَ عَلَى ابنِ آدمَ الأوَّلِ كِفْلٌ مِنْ دمِهَا لأَنَّهُ كَان أَوَّل مَنْ سَنَّ الْقَتْلَ» متفقٌ عليه.
On the authority of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'No soul is killed unjustly except that the first son of Adam bears a share of its blood, because he was the first to introduce the practice of killing.' Agreed upon (narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
ابن آدم الأول: أي أوّل قاتل، المراد به قابيل قتل أخاه هابيل ظلمًا وحسدًا. كفل: مقدار ونصيب. سنَّ القتل: أي أول من وقع منه قتل النفس ظلمًا، فصارت طريقةً سيّئةً متَّبعةً .
The first son of Adam: The first killer, referring to Qabil (Cain) who killed his brother Habil (Abel) out of injustice and envy. A share (kifl): A portion or allotment. Introduced the practice of killing (sanna al-qatl): He was the first from whom the unjust killing of a soul occurred, and it thus became an evil practice that was followed.
الدروس · lessons
تحذير شديد ووعيد عظيم لكل من تُسوِّل له نفسه أن يبتدع شيئًا من الشرِّ بين المسلمين. مبتدع السيّئة يلحقه إثم بدعته وإثم كل من تابعه فيها بعده ما لم يتب. السابق إلى الفعل والمتسبب فيه والمشجّع عليه والمنبّه إليه يكون مشاركًا للمباشر له فيما يترتب عليه من أجر أو عقاب. تغليظ أمر القتل والمبالغة في الزجر عنه.
A severe warning and grave admonition to anyone whose soul tempts him to introduce something evil among the Muslims. The one who introduces an evil practice bears the sin of his innovation and the sin of everyone who follows him in it thereafter, unless he repents. The one who initiates an act, causes it, encourages it, and draws attention to it is a partner with the one who directly commits it in whatever reward or punishment results from it. The severity of the matter of killing and the intense deterrence against it.