عن حُذيْفَة بنِ الْيمانِ، رضي اللّه عنه، قال: حدثنا رسولُ اللّه صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم حَديثَيْنِ قَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَحدهُمَا، وَأَنَا أَنْتظِرُ الآخَرَ: حدَّثَنا أَنَّ الأَمَانَة نَزلتْ في جَذْرِ قُلُوبِ الرِّجَالِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ الْقُرآنُ فَعَلِمُوا مِنَ الْقُرْآن، وَعلِمُوا مِنَ السُّنَّةِ، ثُمَّ حَدَّثنا عَنْ رَفْعِ الأَمانَةِ فَقال: «يَنَـامُ الرَّجل النَّوْمةَ فَتُقبَضُ الأَمَانَةُ مِنْ قَلْبِهِ، فَيظلُّ أَثَرُهَا مِثْلَ الْوَكْتِ، ثُمَّ ينامُ النَّوْمَةَ فَتُقبضُ الأَمَانَةُ مِنْ قَلْبِهِ، فَيظَلُّ أَثَرُهَا مِثْل أثرِ الْمَجْلِ، كجَمْرٍ دَحْرجْتَهُ عَلَى رِجْلِكَ، فَنفِطَ فتَراهُ مُنْتبرًا وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ شَيءٌ» ثُمَّ أَخذَ حَصَاةً فَدَحْرجَهُ عَلَى رِجْلِهِ، «فَيُصْبحُ النَّاسُ يَتبايَعونَ، فَلا يَكادُ أَحَدٌ يُؤدِّي الأَمَانَةَ حَتَّى يُقَالَ: إِنَّ في بَنِي فَلانٍ رَجُلًا أَمِينًا، حَتَّى يُقَالَ لِلرَّجلِ: مَا أَجْلدَهُ، مَا أَظْرَفهُ، مَا أَعْقلَهُ! وَمَا في قلْبِهِ مِثْقَالُ حَبَّةٍ مِنْ خَرْدَلٍ مِنْ إِيمانٍ. وَلَقَدْ أَتَى عَلَيَّ زَمَانٌ وَمَا أُبَالِي أَيُّكُمْ بايعْتُ، لَئِنْ كَانَ مُسْلمًا ليَرُدَّنَّهُ عَليَّ دِينُه، ولَئِنْ كَانَ نَصرانيًّا أَوْ يَهُوديًّا لَيَرُدَّنَّهُ عَلَيَّ سَاعِيه، وأَمَّا الْيَوْمَ فَما كُنْتُ أُبايعُ مِنْكمْ إِلَّا فُلانًا وَفلانًا» متفقٌ عليه.
Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) narrated to us two hadith, one of which I have seen fulfilled, and I am awaiting the other. He told us that trustworthiness descended into the depths of men's hearts, then the Quran was revealed and they learned from the Quran and from the Sunnah. Then he told us about the removal of trustworthiness, saying: "A man will go to sleep, and trustworthiness will be seized from his heart, leaving behind a faint trace like a spot. Then he will sleep again, and trustworthiness will be seized from his heart, leaving behind a trace like a blister — as if you rolled an ember over your foot and it swelled up, appearing raised though there is nothing inside it." He then took a pebble and rolled it over his foot. "Then people will go about their trade, and hardly anyone will fulfill their trust, until it will be said: 'In such-and-such a tribe there is a trustworthy man,' and until it will be said of a man: 'How resolute he is! How refined he is! How intelligent he is!' — yet there is not even a mustard seed's weight of faith in his heart. There came a time when I did not care with whom I conducted business: if he was a Muslim, his religion would ensure he returned what was due to me; and if he was a Christian or a Jew, the governor over him would ensure he returned it. But today, I would not do business except with so-and-so and so-and-so among you." Agreed upon (narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
جَذْرُ: هو أصلُ الشيء. الوكتُ: الأثرُ اليسيرُ. المَجْلُ: هو تنَفُّطٌ في اليد وقرحٌ وانتفاخاتٌ صغيرةٌ تظهر من أثر العمل. مُنتبرًا: مُرتفعًا. سَاعِيه: الوالي عليه. الأمانة: قيل المراد بها التكاليف التي كلف اللّه بها عباده، وقيل هي الإيمان، لأنّه إذا استقر في قلب العبد قام حينئذ بأداء التكاليف. فعلموا من القرآن: أي علموا الأمانة منه. فتُقبض: أي تُنزع لسوء فعلٍ صَدَرَ منه تسبَّب في ذلك.
Depths (jadhr): the root or foundation of something. Faint trace (al-wakt): a slight mark. Blister (al-majl): a swelling or small blistering of the hand that appears from physical labor. Raised (muntabiran): elevated. Governor (sa'ihi): the authority ruling over him. Trustworthiness (al-amanah): some scholars say it refers to the religious obligations Allah has charged His servants with; others say it refers to faith, for when it is established in the heart, one then fulfills all obligations. They learned from the Quran (fa-'alimu min al-Qur'an): meaning they learned trustworthiness from it. Seized (fa-tuqbad): meaning it is withdrawn because of some evil deed the person committed that caused it.
الدروس · lessons
أن الأمانة كانت في أصل قلوب الناس فطرةً ثم حصل لهم ترسيخها وتفاصيلها بطريق الكسب والتحصيل من الكتاب والسنّة. هذا الحديث من أعلام نبوَّته صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم، فقد نبَّه على فساد الناس مع مرور الوقت. نزع الأمانة من بين الناس وإحلال الفساد يكون تدريجيًّا شيئًا فشيئًا لسوء أفعالهم. يدخل في معنى الأمانة المحافظة على التكاليف الشرعية، والصدق في المعاملة، وأداء الحقوق إلى أصحابها، وأهمها البيوع في المعاملات. عند انعدام الأمانة بين الناس يحلّ محلها النفاق والمراوغة، وتضيع القيم الأصيلة وتحلّ محلها المظاهر الخدّاعة. مثل هذه الأحاديث تبعث على الخوف الإيجابي الذي يقود صاحبه لمراجعة النفس بصورة دقيقة دائمة حذرًا من الوقوع بلا شعور في فقدان الأمانة.
Trustworthiness was originally embedded in people's hearts by natural disposition, and then its reinforcement and details came through acquired learning from the Quran and the Sunnah. This hadith is among the prophetic signs of the Prophet (peace be upon him), as he warned about the moral decline of people over time. The removal of trustworthiness from society and the spread of corruption occur gradually, little by little, as a consequence of people's evil deeds. The meaning of trustworthiness includes maintaining religious obligations, honesty in dealings, and fulfilling rights to their due owners, particularly in commercial transactions. When trustworthiness disappears among people, hypocrisy and deceit take its place; genuine values are lost and replaced by deceptive appearances. Hadith such as these inspire a positive sense of vigilance that leads one to constantly and carefully examine oneself, out of caution against unknowingly losing the quality of trustworthiness.