روضة الحديث
حديث 202·الباب 25 · بابُ الأمرِ بأداء الأمانة.·رياض الصالحين · Riyad Al Salihin

عن أَبِي خُبَيْبٍ عبد اللّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيْرِ رضي اللّه عنهما قال: لَمَّا وَقَفَ الزبَيْرُ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ دَعانِي فَقُمْتُ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّهُ لا يُقْتَلُ الْيَوْمَ إِلَّا ظَالِمٌ أَوْ مَظْلُومٌ، وإِنِّي لا أُرانِي إِلَّا سَأُقْتَلُ الْيَومَ مَظْلُومًا، وَإِنَّ مِنْ أَكْبَرِ هَمِّي لَدَيْنِي، أَفَتَرَى دَيْنَنَا يُبْقي مِنْ مالِنا شَيْئًا؟ ثُمَّ قَالَ: يا بُنَيَّ بِعْ مَالَنَا واقْضِ دَيْنِي، وَأَوْصَى بالثُّلُثِ، وَثُلُثِه لِبَنيه، يَعْنِي لبَنِي عَبْدِ اللّه بن الزبير ثُلُثُ الثُّلُث. قَالَ: فَإِنْ فَضَلَ مِنْ مالِنَا بعْدَ قَضَاءِ الدَّيْنِ شَيءٌ فثُلُثُهُ لِبَنِيك، قَالَ هِشَامٌ: وكان بعضُ وَلَدِ عَبْدِ اللّهِ قَدْ وازَى بَعْضَ بَني الزبَيْرِ خُبيبٍ وَعَبَّادٍ، وَلَهُ يَوْمَئذٍ تِسْعَةُ بَنينَ وتِسعُ بَنَاتٍ. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللّه: فَجَعَل يُوصِينِي بديْنِهِ وَيَقُول: يَا بُنَيَّ إِنْ عَجزْتَ عنْ شَيءٍ مِنْهُ فَاسْتَعِنْ عَلَيْهِ بموْلايَ. قَالَ: فَوَاللهِ مَا دَرَيْتُ ما أرادَ حَتَّى قُلْتُ: يَا أَبَتِ مَنْ مَوْلاكَ؟ قَالَ: اللّه، قال: فَواللّهِ مَا وَقَعْتُ في كُرْبَةٍ مِنْ دَيْنِهِ إِلَّا قُلْتُ: يَا مَوْلَى الزبَيْرِ اقضِ عَنْهُ دَيْنَهُ، فَيَقْضِيَهُ. قَالَ: فَقُتِلَ الزُّبَيْرُ وَلَمْ يَدَعْ دِينَارًا وَلا دِرْهَمًا إِلَّا أَرَضِينَ، مِنْهَا الْغَابَةُ وَإِحْدَى عَشَرَةَ دارًا بالْمَدِينَةِ، ودارَيْن بالْبَصْرَةِ، وَدَارًا بالْكُوفَة وَدَارًا بِمِصْرَ. قال: وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ دَيْنُهُ الَّذي كَانَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ كان يَأْتِيهِ بِالمالِ، فَيَسْتَودِعُهُ إِيَّاهُ، فَيَقُولُ الزُّبيْرُ: لا وَلَكنْ هُوَ سَلَفٌ إِنِّي أَخْشَى عَلَيْهِ الضَّيْعَةَ. وَمَا ولِيَ إمَارَةً قَطُّ وَلا جِبَايةً ولا خَراجًا ولا شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ في غَزْوٍ مَعَ رسول اللّه صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، أَوْ مَعَ أَبِي بَكْر وَعُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ رضي اللّه عنهم، قَالَ عَبْدُ اللّه: فَحَسَبْتُ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الدَّيْنِ فَوَجَدْتُهُ أَلْفَيْ أَلْفٍ وَمِائَتَيْ أَلْفٍ، فَلَقِيَ حَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ عَبدَ اللّه بْن الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالَ: يَا ابْنَ أَخِي كَمْ عَلَى أَخِي مِنَ الدَّيْنِ؟ فَكَتَمْتُهُ وَقُلْتُ: مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ. فَقَالَ: حَكيمٌ: واللّه مَا أَرى أَمْوَالَكُمْ تَسعُ هَذِهِ! فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللّهِ: أَرَأَيْتَكَ إِنْ كَانَتْ أَلْفَي أَلْفٍ وَمِائَتَيْ أَلْفٍ؟ قَالَ: مَا أَرَاكُمْ تُطِيقُونَ هَذَا، فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ فَاسْتَعِينُوا بِي. قَالَ: وكَانَ الزُّبَيْرُ قدِ اشْتَرَى الْغَابَةَ بِسَبْعِينَ ومِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، فَبَاعَهَا عَبْدُ اللّهِ بِألف ألفٍ وسِتِّمِائَةِ أَلْف، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَقالَ: مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى الزُّبَيْرِ شيءٌ فَلْيُوافِنَا بِالْغَابَةِ، فأَتَاهُ عبْدُ اللّهِ بْنُ جَعفَر، وكَانَ لَهُ عَلَى الزُّبَيْرِ أَرْبعُمائةِ أَلْفٍ، فَقَالَ لعَبْدِ اللّه: إِنْ شِئْتُمْ تَرَكْتُهَا لَكُمْ؟ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللّه: لا، قال: فَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ جعَلْتُموهَا فِيمَا تُؤَخِّرُونَ إِنْ أَخَّرْتُمْ، فقال عَبْدُ اللّه: لا، قال: فَاقْطَعُوا لِي قِطْعَةً، قال عبْدُ اللّه: لَكَ مِنْ هاهُنا إِلَى هاهُنَا. فَبَاعَ عَبْدُ اللّهِ مِنْهَا فَقَضَى عَنْهُ دَيْنَه، وأَوْفاهُ وَبَقِيَ منْهَا أَرْبَعةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَنِصْفٌ، فَقَدِم عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ وَعِنْدَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، وَالْمُنْذِرُ بْنُ الزُّبيْرِ، وَابْن زَمْعَةَ. فقال لَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ: كَمْ قُوِّمَتِ الْغَابَةُ؟ قال: كُلُّ سَهْمٍ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ قال: كَمْ بَقِي مِنْهَا؟ قال: أَرْبَعَةُ أَسْهُمٍ ونِصْفٌ، فقال الْمُنْذرُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: قَدْ أَخَذْتُ مِنْهَا سَهْمًا بِمائَةِ أَلْفٍ، قال عَمْرُو بنُ عُثْمان: قَدْ أَخَذْتُ مِنْهَا سَهْمًا بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ. وقال ابْن زَمْعَةَ: قَدْ أَخَذْتُ مِنها سَهْمًا بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيةُ: كَمْ بَقِيَ مِنْهَا؟ قال: سَهْمٌ ونصْفُ سَهْمٍ، قَالَ: قَدْ أَخَذْتُهُ بِخَمسينَ ومِائَةِ ألف. قَالَ: وبَاعَ عَبْدُ اللّه بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ نصِيبَهُ مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بسِتِّمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ. فَلَمَّا فَرغَ ابنُ الزُّبَيْرِ مِنْ قََضاءِ ديْنِهِ قَالَ بَنُو الزُّبَيرِ: اقْسِمْ بَيْنَنَا مِيراثَنَا. قَالَ: وَاللّهِ لا أَقْسِمُ بيْنَكُمْ حَتَّى أَنَادِيَ بالمَوسِمِ أَرْبَعَ سِنِين: أَلا مَنْ كان لَهُ عَلَى الزُّبَيرِ دَيْنٌ فَلْيَأْتِنَا فَلْنَقْضِهِ. فَجَعَلَ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ يُنَادِي في الْمَوسمِ، فَلَمَّا مَضى أَرْبَعُ سِنينَ قَسم بَيْنَهُمْ ودَفَعَ الثُلث وكَان للزُّبَيْرِ أَرْبَعُ نِسْوةٍ، فَأَصاب كُلَّ امْرَأَةٍ أَلْفُ أَلْفٍ ومِائَتَا أَلْفٍ، فَجَمِيعُ مَالِهِ خَمْسُونَ أَلْفَ أَلْفٍ ومِائَتَا أَلْف. رواه البخاري.

Abu Khubayb 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with both of them) said: When al-Zubayr stood on the Day of the Camel, he called me, and I stood by his side. He said: "O my son! No one will be killed today except either a wrongdoer or one wronged, and I expect I shall be killed today as one wronged. Indeed, among my greatest concerns is my debt. Do you think our debt will leave anything of our wealth?" Then he said: "O my son! Sell our property and pay off my debt." He bequeathed one-third, and one-third of that third to his grandchildren — meaning the children of 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr. He said: "If anything remains from our wealth after paying the debt, then one-third of it is for your children." Hisham said: Some of 'Abdullah's children were the same age as some of al-Zubayr's sons — Khubayb and 'Abbad — and al-Zubayr had nine sons and nine daughters at that time. 'Abdullah said: He kept advising me about his debt, saying: "O my son! If you are unable to pay any part of it, seek help from my Master." He said: "By Allah, I did not understand what he meant until I asked: 'O my father! Who is your Master?' He said: 'Allah.' By Allah, whenever I encountered difficulty regarding his debt, I would say: 'O Master of al-Zubayr, pay off his debt on his behalf,' and He would pay it off." He said: Al-Zubayr was killed and left behind neither a dinar nor a dirham — only lands, among them al-Ghabah, eleven houses in Madinah, two houses in Basrah, a house in Kufah, and a house in Egypt. He said: The source of his debt was that a man would bring his wealth to him for safekeeping, and al-Zubayr would say: "No, rather let it be a loan, for I fear it may be lost." He never held any position of governance, tax collection, or revenue administration — only participating in military campaigns with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), or with Abu Bakr, 'Umar, and 'Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them). 'Abdullah said: I calculated his total debt and found it to be two million and two hundred thousand. Hakim ibn Hizam met 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr and asked: "O nephew, how much does my brother owe in debt?" I concealed the real amount and said: "One hundred thousand." Hakim said: "By Allah, I do not think your wealth can cover this." 'Abdullah said: "What would you say if it were two million and two hundred thousand?" He said: "I do not think you can manage this. If you are unable to pay any part of it, seek my help." Al-Zubayr had purchased al-Ghabah for one hundred and seventy thousand, and 'Abdullah sold it for one million and six hundred thousand. Then he stood and announced: "Whoever has a claim against al-Zubayr, let him come to us at al-Ghabah." 'Abdullah ibn Ja'far came — he was owed four hundred thousand by al-Zubayr — and said to 'Abdullah: "If you wish, I will forgo it for you." 'Abdullah said: "No." He said: "Then if you wish, you may defer it with the other deferred debts." 'Abdullah said: "No." He said: "Then allot me a portion." 'Abdullah said: "Yours is from here to here." So 'Abdullah sold portions and paid off his father's debt in full, and four and a half shares remained. He went to Mu'awiyah, and with him were 'Amr ibn 'Uthman, al-Mundhir ibn al-Zubayr, and Ibn Zam'ah. Mu'awiyah asked him: "How much was each share of al-Ghabah valued at?" He said: "One hundred thousand per share." He asked: "How much remains?" He said: "Four and a half shares." Al-Mundhir ibn al-Zubayr said: "I will take one share for one hundred thousand." 'Amr ibn 'Uthman said: "I will take one share for one hundred thousand." Ibn Zam'ah said: "I will take one share for one hundred thousand." Mu'awiyah said: "How much remains?" He said: "One and a half shares." Mu'awiyah said: "I will take it for one hundred and fifty thousand." 'Abdullah ibn Ja'far later sold his portion to Mu'awiyah for six hundred thousand. When Ibn al-Zubayr finished paying off the debt, the sons of al-Zubayr said: "Divide our inheritance among us." He said: "By Allah, I will not divide it among you until I announce at the Hajj season for four years: 'Whoever has a debt owed by al-Zubayr, let him come to us and we will pay it.'" He made this announcement every year during the Hajj season, and when four years had passed, he divided the estate among them and distributed the third. Al-Zubayr had four wives, and each wife's share came to one million and two hundred thousand. Thus the total value of his estate was fifty million and two hundred thousand. Narrated by al-Bukhari.

الشرح · explanation

يوم الجمل: أي الوقعة المشهورة التي كانت بين جيش علي بن أبي طالب رضي اللّه عنه ومن معه وجيش عائشة رضي اللّه عنها ومن معها في الفتنة التي وقعت بينهم، وسُميت موقعة الجمل، لأن أم المؤمنين عائشة رضي اللّه عنها كانت تركب على جمل عظيم وقفت به في الصف لتكون سببًا في الصلح بين المسلمين. وازى: ساوى في السن، "لأنّ بعض أولاد عبد اللّه وهما خُبيب وعبَّاد كانا في السنّ في عمر أعمامهما". وَلَهُ يَوْمَئذٍ تِسْعَةُ بَنينَ وتِسعُ بَنَاتٍ: المراد عدد أبناء الزبير رضي اللّه عنه وليس عددُ أبناءِ وَلَدِهِ عبد اللّه. كربة: حزن شديد وغمّ يأخذ بالنَّفْس. الغابة: اسم لأرضٍ عظيمة في منطقة العوالي في المدينة المنوّرة. سلف: أي قرض. أَرَأَيتُك: أي أخبرني. فإن شئتم جعلتموها فيما تؤخرون إن أخرتم: أي طَلَبَ عبد اللّه بن جعفر من عبد اللّه بن الزبير رضي اللّه عنهم أن يؤخر دينه على الزبير مع الديون التي يؤخرون قضاءها. الموسم: موسم الحج.

The Day of the Camel (yawm al-jamal): referring to the well-known battle that took place between the army of 'Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) and his supporters, and the army of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) and those with her, during the civil strife that occurred between them. It was named the Battle of the Camel because the Mother of the Believers 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) rode on a large camel and stood with it among the ranks to be a means of reconciliation between the Muslims. Of the same age (waza): meaning equal in age — 'because some of 'Abdullah's children, namely Khubayb and 'Abbad, were the same age as their uncles.' He had nine sons and nine daughters at that time: referring to the number of al-Zubayr's (may Allah be pleased with him) children, not the children of his son 'Abdullah. Distress (kurbah): severe grief and anguish that seizes the soul. Al-Ghabah: the name of a large tract of land in the 'Awali area of Madinah. Loan (salaf): meaning a debt. What would you say (ara'aytaka): meaning 'tell me.' Defer it with the other deferred debts: meaning 'Abdullah ibn Ja'far (may Allah be pleased with them) asked 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr to postpone his debt along with the other debts being deferred. The season (al-mawsim): the Hajj season.

الدروس · lessons

مشروعية الوصية عند الحرب، لأنّها قد تُفضي إلى الموت. كمال الوثوق بالمولى عزّ وجلّ والاستعانة به في كل حال، وأنّ من استعان باللّه أعانَه. جواز الاستلاف وطلب القرض. وجوب وفاء الدين من تركة الميت قبل تنفيذ الوصية وقبل قسمة التركة. للوصيِّ تأخير قِسمة الميراث حتّى تُوفّى ديون الميت وتُنَفَّذ وصاياه. جواز الوصيّة للأحفاد إذا كان من يحجبُهم من الآباء موجودًا. جواز شراء الوارث من التركة. جواز ملك الدور والأرض مهما كثرت إذا كان ذلك من وجه شرعيّ. المحافظة على الأمانات. أنَّ ما جرى بين الصحابة من قتال يجب السكوت عنه، فكلهم مجتهد متأوِّل وليس فيهم ظالمٌ جانٍ. النية الحسنة قد تدفع بصاحبها إلى تيسير أموره وقضاء ديونه وتكثير ماله؛ كما حصل للزبير بن العوام رضي اللّه عنه.

Making a bequest is prescribed before going to battle, as it may lead to death. Complete trust in Allah Almighty and seeking His help in all circumstances; whoever seeks Allah's help will be aided by Him. Borrowing and taking loans is permissible. It is obligatory to pay off a deceased person's debts from his estate before executing the will and before distributing the inheritance. An executor may delay the distribution of inheritance until the deceased's debts are paid and his bequests are fulfilled. Bequests may be made to grandchildren even when the father who would otherwise exclude them from inheritance is still alive. An heir may purchase from the estate. Owning houses and land is permissible regardless of how much one owns, as long as it was acquired through lawful means. Trusts must be safeguarded. What occurred between the Companions in terms of fighting must be met with silence, for all of them were exercising their best judgment and interpretation, and none of them was a deliberate wrongdoer. Good intentions may lead to the facilitation of one's affairs, the settlement of one's debts, and the increase of one's wealth — as happened with al-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him).

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