عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ سَعْدِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُمَا: أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ سَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللّهِ صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم فَأَعْطَاهُمْ، ثُمَّ سَأَلُوهُ فَأَعْطَاهُمْ، حَتَّى نَفِدَ مَا عِندَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ حِينَ أَنْفْقَ كُلَّ شَيءٍ بِيَدِهِ: «مَا يَكُنْ عِنْدي مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَلَنْ أَدَّخِرَهُ عَنْكُمْ، وَمَنْ يَسْتَعْفِفْ يُعِفَّهُ اللّهُ، وَمَنْ يَسْتَغْنِ يُغْنِهِ اللّهُ، وَمَنْ يَتَصَبَّرْ يُصَبِّرْهُ اللّهُ، وَمَا أُعْطِيَ أَحَدٌ عَطَاءً خَيْرًا وَأَوْسَعَ مِنَ الصَّبْرِ» متفق عليه.
On the authority of Abu Sa'id, Sa'd ibn Malik ibn Sinan al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with both of them), that some of the Ansar asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and he gave to them. Then they asked him again and he gave to them, until what he had was exhausted. He then said to them when he had given away everything in his possession: "Whatever good I have, I will never withhold it from you. But whoever seeks to be self-sufficient, Allah will make him self-sufficient. Whoever seeks to be independent, Allah will enrich him. Whoever exercises patience, Allah will grant him patience. And no one has been given a gift better and more expansive than patience." Agreed upon (narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
نفد: فنيَ وانتهى. فلن أدّخرهُ : أي لا أُخبّئه وأمنعكم إياه. يستعفف: يمتنع عن السؤال، وعن الحرام. يعفّه اللّه: يرزقه اللّه من المال ما يَستغني به عن السؤال، أو يرزقه القناعة. يغنِه اللّه: أي يجعله غنيّ النفْس ويفتح له أبواب الرزق.
"Was exhausted" (nafida): it was depleted and finished. "I will never withhold it" (fa lan addakhirahu): meaning I will not conceal it and keep it from you. "Seeks to be self-sufficient" (yasta'fif): he refrains from begging and from the forbidden. "Allah will make him self-sufficient" (yu'iffahu Allah): Allah will grant him wealth that makes him independent of begging, or will grant him contentment. "Allah will enrich him" (yughnihi Allah): meaning Allah will make him self-sufficient in soul and open for him the doors of provision.
الدروس · lessons
حثّ النبيّ صلّى اللّه عليه وسلم على الاستعفاف والاستغناء والصبر. الغنيّ غنيّ القلب، فإذا استغنى الإنسان أغناه اللّه عن الناس، وجعله عزيز النفس بعيدًا عن السؤال. الصبر له منزلة عظيمة، والصبر يأتي بالتصبّر. والصبر ثلاثة أقسام: الصبر عن المعاصي، والصبر على الطاعات، والصبر عند الشدائد والمصائب، وأفضلها الصبر عن المعاصي والله أعلم. كَرَمُ النبيّ صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم وما جُبِل عليه من مكارم الأخلاق والسماحة. من يمتنع عن سؤال الناس يرزقه اللّه العفّة وصيانة وجهه من ذُلّ المسألة، وييسّر له الرزق من حيث لا يحتسب. من صفات المسلم العفّة والاستغناء عمّا في أيدي الناس والصبر على الشدائد ومنها الفقر. جواز السؤال للحاجة، وإن كان تركه والصبر حتّى يأتيَه رزقُه أَوْلى.
The Prophet (peace be upon him) encouraged self-restraint, self-sufficiency, and patience. True wealth is the wealth of the heart. When a person seeks to be self-sufficient, Allah enriches him and makes him dignified in soul and far from begging. Patience holds a great station, and patience comes through exercising patience. Patience is of three types: patience in refraining from sins, patience in performing acts of obedience, and patience during hardships and calamities. The greatest of these is patience in refraining from sins, and Allah knows best. The generosity of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the noble character traits he was endowed with, including magnanimity and liberality. Whoever refrains from asking people, Allah grants him self-respect and preserves his dignity from the humiliation of begging, and facilitates provision for him from where he does not expect. Among the qualities of a Muslim are self-restraint, independence from what people possess, and patience during hardships, including poverty. It is permissible to ask when in need, although refraining and patiently waiting for one's provision to come is preferable.