عن أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللّهِ صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم وَحِبِّه، وَابْنِ حِبِّهِ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: أَرْسَلَتْ بِنْتُ النَّبيِّ صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم: إِنَّ ابْنِي قَدِ احْتُضِرَ، فَاشْهَدنَا، فَأَرْسَلَ يُقْرِئُ السَّلَامَ، وَيَقُولُ: «إِنَّ للّهِ مَا أَخَذَ، وَلَهُ مَا أَعْطَى، وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ عِنْدَهُ بِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى، فَلْتَصْبِرْ وَلْتَحْتَسِبْ»، فَأَرسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِ تُقْسِمُ عَلَيهِ لَيَأْتِيَنَّهَا، فَقَامَ وَمَعَهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، وَمُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ، وَأُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابتٍ، وَرِجَالٌ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُمْ، فَرُفِعَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللّهِ صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم الصَّبِيُّ، فَأَقْعَدَهُ فِي حِجْرِهِ، وَنَفْسُهُ تَقَعْقَعُ، فَفَاضَتْ عَيْنَاهُ، فَقالَ سَعْدٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا هذَا؟ فَقالَ: «هذِهِ رَحْمَةٌ جَعَلَهَا اللّهُ تَعَالَى فِي قُلُوبِ عِبَادِهِ». • وفي رواية: «فِي قُلُوبِ مَنْ شَاءَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ، وَإِنَّما يَرْحَمُ اللّهُ مِنْ عِبادِهِ الرُّحَمَاءَ» متفق عليه.
On the authority of Usamah ibn Zayd ibn Harithah, the freedman and beloved of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), and son of his beloved (may Allah be pleased with both of them), who said: A daughter of the Prophet (peace be upon him) sent word saying: "My son is dying, so come to us." He sent her greetings of peace and said: "To Allah belongs what He has taken, and to Him belongs what He has given. Everything with Him has an appointed term. Let her be patient and seek her reward from Allah." She then sent to him again, imploring him to come. So he stood up, accompanied by Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah, Mu'adh ibn Jabal, Ubayy ibn Ka'b, Zayd ibn Thabit, and other men (may Allah be pleased with them). The child was brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), and he placed him in his lap while the child's breath was rattling. His eyes overflowed with tears. Sa'd said: "O Messenger of Allah, what is this?" He said: "This is a mercy that Allah the Most High has placed in the hearts of His servants." In another narration: "...in the hearts of whomever He wills among His servants. And indeed, Allah has mercy only on the merciful among His servants." Agreed upon (narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
احتُضِر: حضر ودنا موته. لتحتسب: تطلب الأجر والثواب من اللّه بصبرها على مصيبتها. إِنَّ للّهِ مَا أَخَذَ وَلَهُ مَا أَعْطَى: جملة عظيمة؛ إذا كان الشيء كله للّه، إن أخذ منك شيئًا فهو ملكه، وإن اعطاك شيئًا فهو ملكه. كُلُّ شَيْءٍ عِنْدَهُ بِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى: كل شيء عنده بمقدار. حِجرُه: حِضنُه. تقعقع: تتحرك وتضطرب.
"Is dying" (uhtudira): meaning death was approaching and drawing near. "Let her seek her reward" (wa l-tahtasib): she should seek reward and recompense from Allah the Most High through her patience upon her affliction. "To Allah belongs what He has taken and to Him belongs what He has given": a profound statement; since everything belongs entirely to Allah, if He takes something from you, it is His possession, and if He gives you something, it is His possession. "Everything with Him has an appointed term": everything with Him has a measured time. "His lap" (hijrihi): his embrace. "Rattling" (taqa'qa'): shaking and trembling.
الدروس · lessons
الحثّ على الصبر والرحمة والشفقة والتسليم لقضاء اللّه. استحباب إِبرار القسَم. التعزية هي التصبير والحمل على الصبر بذكر ما يسلي المصاب، ويخفّف حزنه ويهوّن عليه. جواز البكاء من غير نَوح وندْب.
An encouragement toward patience, mercy, compassion, and submission to the decree of Allah. It is recommended to fulfill an oath (ibrar al-qasam). Condolence involves comforting and encouraging patience by mentioning what will console the bereaved, lighten his grief, and ease his burden. Weeping without wailing or eulogizing is permissible.