عَنْ ابْن عَبَّاسٍ رضي اللّهُ عنهما قال: قَدِمَ عُيَيْنَةُ بْنُ حِصْنٍ فَنَزلَ عَلَى ابْنِ أَخيِهِ الْحُرِّ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، وَكَانَ مِنَ النَّفَرِ الَّذِين يُدْنِيهِمْ عُمرُ رضِيَ اللّهُ عنهُ، وَكَانَ الْقُرَّاءُ أَصْحابَ مَجْلِسِ عُمَرَ رضي اللّهُ عنه وَمُشاوَرَتِهِ كُهُولًا كَانُوا أَوْ شُبَّانًا، فَقَالَ عُيَيْنَةُ لابْنِ أَخيهِ: يَا ابْنَ أَخِى لَكَ وَجْهٌ عِنْدَ هذَا الأمِيرِ فَاسْتَأْذِنْ لي عَلَيْهِ، فاستَأْذَنَ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ عُمرُ. فَلَمَّا دخَلَ قَالَ: هِيْ يا ابْنَ الْخَطَّاب، فَوَاللّه مَا تُعْطِينَا الْجَزْلَ وَلا تَحْكُمُ فِينَا بالْعَدْلِ، فَغَضِبَ عُمَرُ رضيَ اللّهُ عنه حتَّى هَمَّ أَنْ يُوقِعَ بِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحُرُّ: يا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّ اللّه تعَالى قَال لِنَبِيِّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: {خُذِ الْعَفْوَ وَأْمُرْ بالْعُرْفِ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الجاهلينَ} [ سورة الأعراف: ١٩٩ ] وإنَّ هذَا مِنَ الجاهلينَ، وَاللّهِ ما جاوَزَها عُمَرُ حِينَ تلاها، وكَانَ وَقَّافًا عِنْدَ كِتَابِ اللّهِ تعالى. رواه البخاريّ.
Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with both of them) reported: 'Uyaynah ibn Hisn came and stayed with his nephew al-Hurr ibn Qays, who was among those whom 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) kept close to him. The reciters of the Quran were the people of 'Umar's council and his consultants, whether they were old or young. 'Uyaynah said to his nephew: 'O nephew, you have influence with this commander, so seek permission for me to see him.' He sought permission, and 'Umar granted it. When 'Uyaynah entered, he said: 'Listen, O son of al-Khattab! By Allah, you neither give us generously nor judge among us with justice!' 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) became so angry that he was about to strike him. Al-Hurr said to him: 'O Commander of the Faithful, Allah the Exalted said to His Prophet (peace be upon him): {Show forgiveness, enjoin what is good, and turn away from the ignorant} [Surah al-A'raf: 199], and this man is one of the ignorant.' By Allah, 'Umar did not go beyond that verse when it was recited to him, for he was one who would always halt at the Book of Allah the Exalted. Narrated by al-Bukhari.
الشرح · explanation
أصحاب مجلس عمر: أي الملازمين لمجلسه. كهولًا: الكهل من الرجال: من زاد على ثلاثين سنة إلى الأربعين، وقيل إلى تمام الخمسين. لك وجه: أي لك جاه ومنزلة. هِيْ يا ابن الخطّاب: كلمة تهديد، وقيل معناها: زدني من الحديث. العطاء الجزل: العطاء الكثير. همَّ: أراد. خذ العفو: خذ ما عفا وتيسَّر من أخلاق الناس ولا تدقق معهم. وأمر بالعرف: أي بالعرف غير المخالف للشرع، أو بالمعروف شرعًا. أعرض عن الجاهلين: أي لا تقابلهم بسفههم. وقّافًا عند كتاب اللّه: كناية عن امتثاله للآية والاهتمام بأمرها، وعدم تجاوز ذلك.
Ashab majlis 'Umar: those who regularly attended his council. Kuhul: a middle-aged man, from about thirty to forty years of age, and some say up to fifty. Laka wajh: meaning you have standing and status. Hiya ya bna al-Khattab: a word of threat; it was also said to mean 'tell me more.' Al-'Ata' al-Jazl: generous or abundant giving. Hamma: intended or was about to. Khudh al-'Afwa: accept what comes easily from people's manners and do not scrutinize them. Wa'mur bil-'Urf: meaning command what is good and not contrary to the Shari'ah, or command what is recognized as good by the Sacred Law. A'rid 'an al-Jahilin: do not respond to them with their own foolishness. Waqqafan 'inda Kitab Allah: an expression for his compliance with the verse, his care for its command, and his not going beyond it.
الدروس · lessons
منزلة قراء القرآن وهم العلماء العاملون بأحكامه، لا المقتصرون على تلاوته فقط. توجيه للحاكم أن يتخذ بطانة خير وفهم يجالسهم ويستشيرهم. قيمة المستشار بعلمه وتقواه، لا بحسبه وكبر سنه. ضرورة تحلي الحاكم الذي يتولى مسؤولية رعاية الأمة بالصبر والحلم والأناة وضبط الغضب، فإن مصالح الأمة لا تستقيم مع الغضب. المسؤول المسلم لا يتردد في الرجوع إلى الحق والصواب، فالرجوع إلى الحق فضيلة.
The high status of the reciters of the Quran, meaning scholars who act upon its rulings, not merely those who recite it. Guidance for the ruler to surround himself with good and knowledgeable advisors whom he consults. The value of a counselor lies in his knowledge and piety, not in his lineage or age. It is essential for a ruler who bears the responsibility of caring for the nation to be characterized by patience, forbearance, deliberation, and self-control, for the interests of the nation cannot be maintained through anger. A Muslim leader does not hesitate to return to the truth and what is correct, for returning to the truth is a virtue.