عن أَبي هريرةَ رضيَ اللّهُ عنه أنَّ رسولَ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ قالَ يومَ خيْبرَ: «لأُعْطِيَنَّ هذِهِ الرَّايَةَ رجُلًا يُحِبُّ اللّهَ ورسُولَهُ، يَفْتَحُ اللّهُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ» قال عمر رضي اللّهُ عنه: ما أَحْبَبْتُ الإِمارَةَ إلَّا يومَئذٍ فتَساوَرْتُ لهَا رجَاءَ أَنْ أُدْعَى لهَا، فدَعَا رسولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم عليَّ بنَ أَبي طالب رضي اللّهُ عنه، فأَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاها، وقالَ: «امْشِ ولا تلْتَفِتْ حتَّى يَفتَحَ اللّهُ عليكَ» فَسارَ عليٌّ شيئًا، ثُمَّ وقفَ ولَمْ يَلْتفِتْ، فصرخَ: يا رسولَ اللّهِ، على ماذَا أُقاتلُ النَّاسَ؟ قالَ: «قاتلْهُمْ حتَّى يشْهَدوا أَنْ لا إلٰهَ إلَّا اللّهُ، وأَنَّ مُحمَّدًا رسولُ اللّهِ، فَإِذا فعَلُوا ذلكَ فقدْ مَنَعُوا منْكَ دِماءَهُمْ وأَموالَهُمْ إلَّا بحَقِّها، وحِسابُهُمْ على اللّهِ» رواه مسلم.
On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said on the Day of Khaybar: "I shall give this banner to a man who loves Allah and His Messenger, and Allah will grant victory at his hands." 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I never wished for leadership except on that day. I stretched myself up hoping to be called for it." But the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) called for 'Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), gave it to him, and said: "Advance and do not turn around until Allah grants you victory." 'Ali walked forward a little, then stopped without turning around, and called out: "O Messenger of Allah, on what basis should I fight the people?" He said: "Fight them until they bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. If they do so, they will have protected their blood and their wealth from you — except for what is due by right — and their reckoning is with Allah." Narrated by Muslim.
الشرح · explanation
خَيبَر: مدينةً ذات حصون ومزارع تقع على بعد مئة ميل شمال المدينة. فَتَساورْت: أَيْ وثبتُ مُتطلِّعًا وتطاولت. إلَّا بحقّها: فلا يُؤخذ شيء منها إلَّا بالحقّ كالنفس بالنفس، وأداء الزكاة في الأموال.
Khaybar: A city with fortresses and farms located about one hundred miles north of Madinah. "Stretched myself up" (tasawartu): I jumped up eagerly and raised myself. "Except for what is due by right": Nothing is to be taken from their blood or wealth except by right, such as a life for a life, and the payment of zakat on wealth.
الدروس · lessons
محبة اللّهُ تعالى ورسوله صلّى اللّهُ عليه وسلّم إنّما تكون بالإيمان بهما، واتباع ما أمرا به. معجزة الرسول صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم حيث أخبر عن أمر غيبيّ فكان كما أخبر، وهو فتح خيبر. الحثّ على الإقدام والمبادرة إلى ما أمر به الرسول صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم. لا يجوز قتل من نطق بالشهادتين إلَّا إذا ظهر منه ما يستوجب القتل كالقتل عمدًا، أو إنكار شيء من الدِّينِ يقتضي الكفر والردة. تجري أحكام الإسلام على ما يظهر من الناس، واللّه يتولى سرائرهم. الزكاة تُؤخذ قَسرًا إنْ لم يُؤَدِّها صاحبها طواعيةً.
Love for Allah the Most High and His Messenger (peace be upon him) can only be realized through faith in them both and following what they have commanded. A miracle of the Messenger (peace be upon him), as he foretold a matter of the unseen that came to pass as he had said — namely, the conquest of Khaybar. Encouragement to advance and hasten toward what the Messenger (peace be upon him) has commanded. It is not permissible to kill anyone who pronounces the two declarations of faith, unless they commit an act that warrants execution, such as intentional murder or denying something of the religion that constitutes disbelief and apostasy. The rulings of Islam are applied based on what is apparent from people, and Allah takes charge of their inner secrets. Zakat is to be collected by force if its owner does not pay it voluntarily.