عن عائشةَ رضي اللّهُ عنها قالت: جَاءَتني مِسْكِينَةٌ تَحْمِلُ ابْنْتَيْنِ لها، فَأَطعمتُهَا ثَلاثَ تَمَرَاتٍ، فَأَعطتْ كُلَّ وَاحدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا تَمْرَةً وَرفعَتْ إِلى فِيها تَمْرةً لتَأْكُلَهَا، فاسْتَطعَمَتْها ابْنَتَاهَا، فَشَقَّت التَّمْرَةَ التي كَانَتْ تُريدُ أَنْ تأْكُلَهَا بيْنَهُمَا، فأَعْجبَنِي شَأْنُها، فَذَكرْتُ الَّذي صنعَتْ لرسولِ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم فقال: «إنّ اللّهَ قَدْ أَوْجَبَ لَهَا بِهَا الجنَّةَ، أَو أَعْتقَها بِهَا مَن النَّارِ» رواه مسلم.
ʿAishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: A poor woman came to me carrying her two daughters. I fed her three dates; she gave each of them one date, and raised a date to her mouth to eat. But her two daughters asked her for it, so she split the date she had intended to eat between them. Her act pleased me, and I told the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) what she had done. He said, "Allah has decreed Paradise for her by this," or "He has freed her from the Fire by this." [Muslim]
الشرح · explanation
إِلى فِيهَا: أي إلى فَمِها. فاسْتَطعَمتها بِنْتاها: أي طلبتا منها أن تطعمهما التمرة الأخيرة. شأنها: حالها، وهو إيثارها بناتها على نفسها.
"To her mouth": to her mouth. "Her two daughters asked her for it": they asked her to feed them the last date. "Her condition" (shaʾnuhā): her state — preferring her daughters over herself.
الدروس · lessons
فضْلُ الصدقة التي تدل على صدق المؤمن في إيمانه بربّه وثقته بوعده وفضله. يجوز للمرأة أن تتصدق من مال زوجها بإذنه العامّ والخاصّ، ويكون لها أجر الإنفاق، وللزوج مثل ذلك، لأنّه رضي النفقة من ماله. شدّة رحمة الأمهات بالأولاد وخشيتهن عليهم من الضياع. كان العرب في الجاهلية يكرهون البنات، وكان الوَأْد عادة معروفة عندهم، وجاء الإسلام فأعاد الأمر إلى نصابه، وجعل حسن تربية البنات والإنفاق عليهن سببًا لدخول الجنة والنجاة من النار.
The virtue of charity, which signifies the believer's sincerity in faith, trust in His Lord, and confidence in His promise and favor. It is permissible for a woman to give charity from her husband's wealth with his general or specific permission, and she has the reward of spending, and the husband has likewise, because he has consented to the spending from his wealth. The intensity of mothers' mercy toward their children and their fear for their destitution. Arabs before Islam hated daughters, and burying girls alive was a known custom; Islam came and returned matters to their proper order, making the good upbringing of daughters and spending on them a cause for entering Paradise and salvation from the Fire.