عن أَنسٍ رضي اللّهُ عنه قال: كَانَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ رضي اللّهُ عنه أَكْثَرَ الأَنْصَارِ بِالمدِينَةِ مَالًا مِنْ نَخْلٍ، وَكَانَ أَحَبُّ أَمْوالِهِ إِلَيْهِ بَيْرُحاءَ، وَكانَتْ مُسْتَقْبِلَةَ المسْجِدِ وكانَ رسولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم يدْخُلُهَا وَيشْربُ مِنْ ماءٍ فِيهَا طَيِّبٍ، قَالَ أَنَسٌ: فلَمَّا نزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيةُ: {لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ}[آل عمران:٩٢] قام أَبُو طَلْحَةَ إِلى رسولِ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ فقال: يا رسولَ اللّهِ إِنَّ اللّهَ تَعَالَى أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكَ: {لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ} وَإِنَّ أَحَبَّ مَالي إِلَيَّ بَيْرُحَاءَ، وإِنَّهَا صَدقَةٌ للّهِ تَعَالَى أَرْجُو بِرَّهَا وذُخْرَهَا عِنْدَ اللّهِ تعالى، فَضَعْها يا رسولَ اللّهِ حيْثُ أَرَاكَ اللّهُ، فقال رسولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «بَخٍ، ذلِكَ مَالٌ رَابحٌ، ذلِكَ مَالٌ رَابِحٌ، وَقَدْ سمِعْتُ مَا قُلْتَ، وَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تَجْعَلَهَا في الأَقْرَبِينَ» فقال أَبُو طَلْحَةَ: أَفْعَلُ يا رسولَ اللّهِ، فَقَسَّمَهَا أَبُو طَلْحَةَ في أَقَارِبِهِ، وَبَني عَمِّهِ. متفقٌ عليه.
On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: Abu Talha (may Allah be pleased with him) was the wealthiest of the Anṣār in Medina in palm groves, and the most beloved of his properties to him was Bayrahā', which faced the mosque. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to enter it and drink from its sweet water. Anas said: When this verse was revealed: {You will not attain righteousness until you spend from that which you love} [Āl ‘Imrān: 92], Abu Talha rose toward the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah, Allah Most High has revealed to you: {You will not attain righteousness until you spend from that which you love}. The most beloved of my properties to me is Bayrahā', and it is a charity for the sake of Allah Most High; I hope for its righteousness and its store of reward with Allah Most High. So place it, O Messenger of Allah, where Allah shows you. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Bakh! That is profitable wealth, that is profitable wealth! I have heard what you said, and I see that you should give it to your nearest kin." Abu Talha said: I will do so, O Messenger of Allah. So Abu Talha distributed it among his relatives and the sons of his paternal uncle. [Agreed upon.]
الشرح · explanation
بَيْرحَاءُ: حَدِيِقَةُ نَخْل. طيب: عذب. برّها: أي خيرها. ذخرها: أي نفعها وقت حاجتي إليها وأجرها عند اللّه تعالى. فضعها يا رسول اللّهِ: أي أفوض أمرها إليك. بخ: كلمة تقال عند الرضا بالشيء تفخيمًا له وإعجابًا به. مالٌ رَابح: أَيْ رَايحٌ وراجع وعائد عَلَيْكَ نَفْعُهُ.
Bayrahā': a palm grove. "Sweet" (ṭayyib): pleasant-tasting. "Its righteousness" (birruhā): meaning its goodness. "Its store of reward" (dhukhruhā): its benefit when I am in need of it, and its reward with Allah Most High. "So place it, O Messenger of Allah" (faḍa‘hā): meaning, I entrust its disposition to you. "Bakh": a word said in approval of something, expressing magnification and admiration. "Profitable wealth" (māl rābiḥ): meaning wealth that returns and brings back its benefit to you.
الدروس · lessons
نفي الحرج عن أهل العلم والفضل في دخولهم البساتين ليستظلوا بظلها ويأكلوا من ثمرها ويستريحوا فيها إذا كان أصحابها يُسَرُّون بذلك. استحباب الإنفاق مِنْ أحسن الأموال وأحبها إلى النفس، وأن كمال الفضل يحصل بذلك. فضل الصحابة رضي اللّهُ عنهم، ومنهم أبو طلحة، وسرعة استجابتهم لأمر اللّهِ تعالى، وحرصهم على بلوغ أرقى درجات الكمال. تفويض أهل الفضل بتوزيع الميراث وصرف الصدقات في وجوه الخير. التشجيع على فعل الخير بالثناء على الفاعل وشكره على عمله وإظهار الرضا والسرور به. أَولى الناس بالإحسان إليهم ذوو الأرحام ثم من دونَهم إذا كانوا محتاجين، وإلّا فأصحاب الحاجة أولى مَن غيرهم.
The negation of any blame upon people of knowledge and merit for entering gardens to seek shade, eat from their fruits, and rest in them, when their owners are pleased by that. It is recommended to spend from the finest of one's possessions and the most beloved to oneself, and that the perfection of merit is achieved thereby. The merit of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them), among them Abu Talha, and the swiftness of their response to Allah's command, and their eagerness to attain the highest ranks of perfection. Entrusting people of merit with the distribution of inheritance and the dispensing of charities into avenues of good. Encouragement to do good by praising the doer and thanking him for his deed and showing pleasure and joy at it. The most deserving of people for one's kindness are kin, then those below them in closeness, when they are in need; otherwise, those in greatest need have prior claim.