عن عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ عَمرِو بنِ العاصِ رضي اللّهُ عنهما قال: أَقْبَلَ رجُلٌ إِلى نَبِيِّ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، فقال: أُبايِعُكَ على الهِجرَةِ وَالجِهَادِ أَبتَغِي الأَجرَ مِنَ اللّهِ تعالى. قالَ: «فهَلْ لكَ مِنْ والدَيْكَ أَحدٌ حَيٌّ؟» قال: نَعمْ، بلْ كِلاهُما، قالَ: «فَتَبْتَغِي الأَجْرَ مِنَ اللّهِ تعالى؟» قالَ: نَعمْ. قالَ: «فَارْجِعْ إِلى والدَيْكَ، فَأَحْسِنْ صُحْبَتَهُما». متفقٌ عليه. وهذا لَفْظُ مسلمٍ. وفي روايةٍ لهُما: جاءَ رجلٌ فاسْتَأْذَنَهُ في الجِهَادِ فقال: «أَحَيٌّ والِداكَ؟» قال: نَعَمْ، قال: «ففِيهِما فَجَاهِدْ».
On the authority of Abdullah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Āṣ (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: A man came to the Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him) and said: I pledge allegiance to you upon emigration and jihad, seeking the reward from Allah Most High. He said: "Is either of your parents alive?" He said: Yes—indeed both of them. He said: "And you seek reward from Allah Most High?" He said: Yes. He said: "Return to your parents and keep them company well." [Agreed upon, and this is the wording of Muslim.] In a narration in both: A man came and asked his permission for jihad, so he said: "Are your parents alive?" He said: Yes. He said: "Then in (serving) them, strive."
الشرح · explanation
أبايعك: المبايعة هي المعاقدة والمعاهدة.
"I pledge allegiance to you" (ubāyi‘uka): pledging is a contract and a covenant.
الدروس · lessons
أنّ الهجرة، وإن كانت واجبة، لكن حقّ الوالدين أوجب فقُدِّم عليها، هذا إذا كان يقدر على المحافظة على دينه وهو معهما، وإلّا وجبت الهجرة فرارًا بدينه، كما فعل المهاجرون. تقديم برّ الوالدين على الجهاد، لأنّ برّهما فرض عين والجهاد فرض كفاية، وهذا في حال كون الجهاد فرض كفاية، وإلّا تعين عليه الجهاد في النفير العام.
Emigration, though obligatory, was outweighed by the right of the parents and so was given precedence over it—provided that the person could safeguard his religion while remaining with them; otherwise, emigration becomes obligatory, fleeing with one's religion, as the Muhājirūn did. The precedence of dutifulness to parents over jihad, because dutifulness is an individual obligation and jihad is a communal obligation; this is the case when jihad is a communal obligation, but when there is general mobilization, jihad becomes individually obligatory upon him.