عن أُمِّ المُؤْمِنِينَ ميمُونَةَ بنْتِ الحارِثِ رضي اللّهُ عنها أَنَّهَا أَعتَقَتْ وليدةً وَلَمْ تَستَأْذِنِ النَّبِيَّ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، فلَمَّا كانَ يومُها الَّذي يدورُ عَلَيْهَا فِيه، قالت: أَشَعَرْتَ يا رسولَ اللّهِ أَنِّي أَعْتَقْتُ ولِيدَتي. قال: «أَوَفَعلْتِ؟» قالت: نَعم، قال: «أَمَا إِنَّكِ لو أَعْطَيتِهَا أَخوالَكِ كان أَعظَمَ لأَجرِكِ» متفقٌ عليه.
On the authority of the Mother of the Believers Maymūna bint al-Ḥārith (may Allah be pleased with her): She freed a slave-girl without seeking permission from the Prophet (peace be upon him). When her day with him came around, she said: Did you know, O Messenger of Allah, that I freed my slave-girl? He said: "Did you really do so?" She said: Yes. He said: "Indeed, had you given her to your maternal uncles, it would have been greater in reward for you." [Agreed upon.]
الشرح · explanation
وليدة: أَمَة مملوكة لها.
"A slave-girl" (walīda): a female slave belonging to her.
الدروس · lessons
جواز تصرف الزوجة في ملكها من غير إذن زوجها. الصدقة على القريب المسكين الذي يحتاج إلى الخدمة أفضل من العتق، لِمَا فيه من الجمع بين الصدقة والصلة، وقيل لا. الاعتناء بأقارب الأمّ إكرامًا لحقّها، وهذا زيادة في برّها.
It is permissible for a wife to dispose of her own property without her husband's permission. Charity given to a needy relative who requires service is more virtuous than manumission, due to combining charity and the maintaining of ties—and it has also been said: not (more virtuous). Caring for the relatives of one's mother in honor of her right—this is an addition to one's dutifulness toward her.