عن أَبي عِيسى المُغِيرَةِ بنِ شُعْبَةَ رضي اللهُ عنه عن النبيِّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم قال: «إِنَّ اللهَ تعالى حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ عُقُوقَ الأُمَّهَاتِ، ومنْعًا وهاتِ، ووَأْدَ البنَاتِ، وكَرِهَ لكُمْ قِيلَ وقالَ، وكثرةَ السُّؤَالِ، وإِضَاعَةَ المَالِ» متفقٌ عليه.
Abu 'Isa al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, Allah the Exalted has forbidden you disobedience to mothers, withholding what is due and demanding what is not yours, and the burying of daughters alive; and He has disliked for you idle talk and gossip, excessive questioning, and the squandering of wealth." [Agreed upon]
الشرح · explanation
منعًا: أي منع ما وجَبَ عَلَيْهِ. هَات: طَلَبُ مَا لَيسَ لَهُ. وَأْد البنَات: دَفْنُهُنَّ وهنَّ على قيد الحَياةِ. قِيلَ وقَال: الحدِيثُ بِكُلِّ مَا يَسمعُهُ، فيقُولُ: قيلَ كَذَا، وقَالَ فُلانٌ كَذَا، مِمَّا لا يَعلَمُ صِحَّتَهُ. إِضَاعَة المال: تبذيره وصرفُهُ في غَيْرِ الوُجُوهِ المأْذُون بِهَا مِنْ مَقَاصِدِ الآخِرِةِ والدُّنيا، وتَرْكُ حِفْظِهِ مع إِمْكَانِ الحفْظِ. كثرةُ السُّؤَال: الإِلحاحُ فِيمَا لا حاجةَ إِلَيْهِ.
Withholding (man'an): that is, withholding what is obligatory upon him to give. Demanding (hat): seeking what is not his right. Burying daughters alive: interring them while they are still living. Idle talk and gossip (qil wa qal): relating everything one hears, saying "such-and-such was said" and "so-and-so said such-and-such," of things whose truthfulness one does not verify. Squandering of wealth: wasting it and spending it on purposes not sanctioned among the objectives of the Hereafter or this world, and failing to safeguard it when safeguarding is possible. Excessive questioning: persistent asking about what there is no need to ask.
الدروس · lessons
بيان بعض ما حرّمه الله ومن ذلك: عقوق الأمهات، وعقوق الآباء. خصَّ بالذكر الأمّهات، لأنّ الاستخفاف بهن أكثر لضعفهن، ولأن بِرَّهن مقدّم على برِّ الآباء. النهي عن طلب الإنسان ما لا يستحق وأن يمنع ما أمر الله بإعطائه. تحريم دفن الأولاد أحياء، وإنَّما خصَّ البنات لأنَّه هو الأغلب والشائع في حياة العرب قبل الإسلام، فتوجّه النهي إليه. في الحديث النهي عن المجادلة بما لا فائدةَ فيه حتى لا يكون سببًا للشحناء والبغضاء. النهي عن إضاعة الأموال وإنفاقها بما لا فائدةَ فيه، لأن الإنسانَ سيسألُ عنها يوم القيامة: من أين أخذها وأين أنفقها.
A clarification of some of what Allah has forbidden, including: disobedience to mothers and disobedience to fathers. Mothers were singled out for mention because slighting them is more common owing to their weakness, and because dutifulness to them takes precedence over dutifulness to fathers. The prohibition of a person seeking what he is not entitled to and of withholding what Allah has commanded him to give. The prohibition of burying children alive; daughters were singled out because this was the most prevalent and widespread practice in Arab life before Islam, so the prohibition was directed at it. In the hadith is a prohibition of disputing over what has no benefit, so that it does not become a cause of rancour and hatred. The prohibition of squandering wealth and spending it on what has no benefit, for a person will be questioned about it on the Day of Resurrection: from where he acquired it and where he spent it.