عن سَهْلِ بن أبي حَثْمَة الأَنصاريِّ رضي اللهُ عنه قال: انْطَلَقَ عبْدُ اللهِ بنُ سهْلٍ وَمُحَيِّصَةُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ إِلى خَيْبَرَ وَهِيَ يَوْمَئِذٍ صُلْحٌ، فَتَفَرَّقَا. فَأَتَى مُحَيِّصَةُ إِلى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَهلٍ وهو يَتَشَحَّطُ في دَمِهِ قَتيلًا فدفَنَهُ، ثمَّ قَدِمَ المدِينَةَ فَانْطَلَقَ عَبْدُ الرحْمنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ وَمُحَيِّصَةُ وَحُوَيِّصَةُ ابْنَا مسْعُودٍ إِلى النَّبِيِّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ، فَذَهَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمنِ يَتَكَلَّمُ؛ فقال: «كَبِّرْ كَبِّرْ» وَهُوَ أَحْدَثُ القَوْمِ، فَسَكَتَ، فَتَكَلَّمَا فقال: «أَتَحْلِفُونَ وَتسْتَحِقُّونَ قَاتِلَكُمْ؟» وَذَكَرَ تَمامَ الحدِيث. متفقٌ عليه.
Sahl ibn Abi Hathmah al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Abdullah ibn Sahl and Muhayyisah ibn Mas'ud set out to Khaybar, which at that time was under a truce, and the two parted ways. Muhayyisah then came upon Abdullah ibn Sahl as he lay slain, writhing in his blood, so he buried him and then came to Madinah. Abd al-Rahman ibn Sahl, together with Muhayyisah and Huwayyisah, the two sons of Mas'ud, set out to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Abd al-Rahman began to speak, but the Prophet said, "Let the elder speak, let the elder speak," for he was the youngest of the group. So he fell silent, and the other two spoke. Then the Prophet said: "Will you swear an oath and thereby establish your claim against your slain man's killer?" And he related the rest of the hadith. [Agreed upon]
الشرح · explanation
هي يومئذ صلح: أي وهي في ذلك الوقت كانت تحت الصلح الذي عقده النبيّ صلّى اللهُ عليه وسلّم مع اهلها اليهود بعد فتحها. يتشحّط: يتخبّط ويضطرب. المقتول هو عبد اللهِ بن سهل، وله أخ اسمه عبد الرحمن، ولهما ابنا عم هما محيّصة وحويّصة، وهما أكبر سنًّا من عبد الرحمن، فلما حضر عبد الرحمن ومحيّصة وحويّصة إلى مجلس رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلّمَ، أراد عبد الرحمن أخو القتيل أن يتكلم، فقال له رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم: " كبّر " أي ليتكلمْ مَن هو أكبر منك. أحدث القوم: أصغرهم.
Which at that time was under a truce: that is, at that time it was under the truce that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had concluded with its Jewish inhabitants after its conquest. Writhing (yatashahhat): convulsing and thrashing about. The slain man was Abdullah ibn Sahl, who had a brother named Abd al-Rahman, and the two had two paternal cousins, Muhayyisah and Huwayyisah, who were older in age than Abd al-Rahman. When Abd al-Rahman, Muhayyisah, and Huwayyisah came to the gathering of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Abd al-Rahman, the brother of the slain man, wished to speak, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him, "Let the elder"—that is, let the one older than you speak. The youngest of the group (ahdath al-qawm): the youngest of them.
الدروس · lessons
هذا الحديث يُعرف بـ"حديث القَسَامَة"؛ والقسامَة هي الْأَيْمَانُ الْمُكَرَّرَةُ في دعوى أنّ فلانًا قتل فلانًا، ولها أحوالٌ معيّنة مذكورة في كتب الفقه. استحباب تقديم الكبير سنًّا في الكلام عند التساوي في الفضائل. يقدَّم الكبير في الإمامة وولاية النكاح وغير ذلك إذا كان له نظائر. الحلف في دعوى القسامة لورثة القتيل.
This hadith is known as the "Hadith of al-Qasamah." Al-Qasamah refers to the repeated oaths sworn in a claim that a certain person killed another, and it has specific rulings mentioned in the books of jurisprudence. It is recommended to give precedence in speech to the one older in age when there is equality in merits. The elder is given precedence in leading prayer, in guardianship for marriage, and in other matters, when he has peers. The swearing of oaths in a claim of qasamah is for the heirs of the slain man.