عن عائشةَ رضيَ اللهُ عنها، أَنَّ رسولَ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، بعَثَ رَجُلًا عَلَى سرِيَّةٍ، فَكَانَ يَقْرأُ لأَصْحابِهِ في صلاتِهِمْ، فَيخْتِمُ بــ قُلْ هُوَ اللهُ أَحَدٌ فَلَمَّا رَجَعُوا، ذَكَروا ذلكَ لرسولِ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، فقال: «سَلُوهُ لأِيِّ شَيءٍ يَصْنَعُ ذلكَ؟» فَسَأَلوه، فَقَالَ: لأنَّهَا صِفَةُ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَأَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَقْرَأَ بِهَا، فقال رسولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «أَخْبِرُوهُ أَنَّ الله تعالى يُحبُّهُ» متفقٌ عليه.
A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent a man in command of a military detachment. He used to lead his companions in their prayers and would conclude with "Say: He is Allah, the One" (Surat al-Ikhlas). When they returned, they mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: "Ask him why he does that." So they asked him, and he said: Because it is a description of the Most Merciful, and I love to recite it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Inform him that Allah, the Exalted, loves him." [Agreed upon]
الشرح · explanation
سَرِيَّة: المجموعة من الجيش ليس فيها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم. صِفَةُ الرَّحْمنِ: أي ذُكرت فيها صفات الله تعالى من توحيده وتنزيه عن الولد والشبيه والنَّظير.
"Military detachment" (sariyyah): a group from the army in which the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is not present. "A description of the Most Merciful" (sifat al-Rahman): that is, in it are mentioned the attributes of Allah, the Exalted, including His oneness and His exaltation above having any offspring, likeness, or equal.
الدروس · lessons
أنَّ الصحابة كانوا يهرعون إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يستفتونه في كل ما جدَّ لهم مما لم يعرفوا حكمه. وُصفت سورة الإخلاص بأنّها صفة الرحمن لاشتمالها على: ~ما يجب لله سبحانه وتعالى من التوحيد، قل هو الله أحد. ~بيان توجُّه الخلق إليه سبحانه وطلب حوائجهم منه وقصدهم إياه في سائر أمورهم، الله الصمد. ~ما يستحيل في حقِّه من كونه والدًا لأحد أو مولودًا له أو أنّ له شبيهًا ونظيرًا، لم يلد ولم يولد ولم يكن له كفوا أحد. أنَّ الأعمال بمقاصدها ونيّاتها، ولابد مع نيّة الخير أن يوافق العمل السّنّة. جواز تَكرَار السورة الواحدة في الصلاة، فإنّ هذا الصحابي كان يقرأ سورة الإخلاص عقب قراءته لسورة أخرى.
The Companions used to hasten to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to seek his ruling on everything that newly arose for them whose ruling they did not know. Surat al-Ikhlas was described as a description of the Most Merciful because it comprises: What is due to Allah, glorified and exalted, of oneness: "Say: He is Allah, the One." The statement of the creation's turning to Him, glorified, seeking their needs from Him and intending Him in all their affairs: "Allah, the Eternal Refuge (al-Samad)." What is impossible regarding Him, namely that He be a father to anyone, or be begotten, or have a likeness or equal: "He neither begets nor is begotten, and there is none comparable to Him." Deeds are judged by their aims and intentions, and along with a good intention the deed must conform to the Sunnah. The permissibility of repeating a single surah in the prayer, for this Companion used to recite Surat al-Ikhlas following his recitation of another surah.