عَنْ عِتْبَانَ بنِ مالكٍ رضيَ اللهُ عنه، وهو مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا قال: كُنْتُ أُصَلِّي لِقَوْمي بَني سالِمٍ، وَكَانَ يَحُولُ بَيْني وَبينهُم وادٍ إِذَا جاءَتِ الأَمطارُ، فَيَشُقُّ عَليَّ اجْتِيَازُهُ قِبَلَ مَسْجِدِهِمْ، فَجئْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم فقلتُ له: إِنِّي أَنْكَرْتُ بَصَرِي، وَإِنَّ الوَادِيَ الَّذِي بيْني وَبَيْنَ قَوْمي يسِيلُ إِذَا جَاءَت الأَمْطارُ، فَيَشُقُّ عَليَّ اجْتِيازُهُ، فَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّكَ تَأْتي، فَتُصَلِّي في بَيْتي مَكانًا أَتَّخِذُهُ مُصَلًّى، فقال رسُولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «سَأَفْعَلُ» فَغَدَا عليَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ رضي اللهُ عنه، بَعْدَ ما اشْتَدَّ النَّهَارُ، وَاسْتَأْذَنَ رسُولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، فَأَذِنْتُ لهُ، فَلَمْ يَجْلِسْ حتى قالَ: «أَيْنَ تُحِبُّ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ مِنْ بَيْتِكَ؟» فَأَشَرْتُ لهُ إِلى المَكَانِ الَّذِي أُحبُّ أَنْ يُصَلِّي فيه، فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، فَكَبَّرَ وَصَفَفْنَا وَراءَهُ، فَصَلَّى رَكَعَتَيْن، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ وَسَلَّمْنَا حِينَ سَلَّمَ، فَحَبَسْتُهُ علَى خَزيرَةٍ تُصْنَعُ لَهُ، فَسَمِعَ أَهْلُ الدَّارِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم في بَيْتي، فَثَابَ رِجَالٌ منهمْ حتَّى كَثُرَ الرِّجَالُ في البَيْتِ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: مَا فَعَلَ مَالِكٌ؟ لا أَرَاهُ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: ذلك مُنَافِقٌ لا يُحِبُّ الله ورَسُولَهُ، فقالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم «لاَ تَقُلْ ذَلِكَ، أَلا تَراهُ قالَ: لا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ يَبْتَغِي بِذَلِكَ وَجْهَ اللهِ تَعالى؟». فَقَالَ: اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، أَمَّا نَحْنُ فَوَاللهِ ما نَرَى وُدَّهُ، وَلا حَديثَهُ إِلَّا إِلى المُنَافِقينَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «فَإِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ حَرَّمَ على النَّارِ مَنْ قَالَ: لا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ يَبْتَغِي بِذَلِكَ وَجْهَ اللهِ» متفقٌ عليه
'Itban ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who was among those who witnessed Badr, reported: I used to lead my people, the Banu Salim, in prayer, and there was a valley between me and them that, when the rains came, made it difficult for me to cross over to their mosque. So I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said to him: "My eyesight has failed me, and the valley between me and my people floods when the rains come, making it difficult for me to cross. I would dearly love for you to come and pray in my house at a spot I may take as a place of prayer." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I shall do so." The next morning the Messenger of Allah and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came to me after the day had grown hot. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sought permission to enter, and I granted it. He did not sit down until he said: "Where in your house would you like me to pray?" So I pointed out to him the spot where I wished him to pray. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stood, pronounced the takbir, and we lined up behind him; he prayed two units and then gave the salam, and we gave the salam when he did. I detained him for a dish of khazirah being prepared for him. The people of the neighborhood heard that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was in my house, and men of them came until many men had gathered in the house. A man said: "What has become of Malik? I do not see him." Another man said: "That one is a hypocrite who does not love Allah and His Messenger." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not say that. Do you not see that he said, 'There is no god but Allah,' seeking by it the Face of Allah the Exalted?" The man said: "Allah and His Messenger know best; but as for us, by Allah, we see his affection and his talk directed only toward the hypocrites." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed Allah has forbidden the Fire to whoever says, 'There is no god but Allah,' seeking by it the Face of Allah." Agreed upon.
الشرح · explanation
أصلي لقومي: أي أؤمهم. اجتيازه: قطعه وتجاوزه. قِبَلَ: جهة. أنكرت بصري: فقدته، أو ساء بصري وضعُف. فيشق: فيصعب. فغدا: بكّر. اشتد النهار: ارتفعت الشمس. حبسته: منعته من الخروج لإكرامه وإضافته. خَزِيرَة: هِي دقِيقٌ يُطْبَخُ بِشَحْم. وُدَّه: حبّه ومودّته ثابَ رِجالٌ: جَاؤوا وَاجْتَمعُوا. أهل الدار: المقصود جيرانه وأهل حيِّهِ. ألا تراه: ألا تعلمه.
"I used to lead my people in prayer": that is, I led them as imam. "Crossing it": passing over and traversing it. "Toward (qibala)": in the direction of. "My eyesight has failed me": I lost it, or my sight worsened and weakened. "Made difficult": became hard. "Came in the morning": came early. "The day grew hot": the sun rose high. "I detained him": I prevented him from leaving, to honor and host him. "Khazirah": flour cooked with fat. "His affection": his love and fondness. "Men came": they came and gathered. "The people of the neighborhood": meaning his neighbors and the people of his quarter. "Do you not see him": do you not know him.
الدروس · lessons
جواز إمامة الأعمى. جواز اتخاذ مصلى في البيت للصلاة فيه لمن يوجد ما يحبسه عن صلاة الجماعة، ولصلوات النوافل، وكذلك للنساء اتخاذ مصلى في بيتها. جواز صلاة النافلة جماعةً أحيانًا. كل من نطق بالشهادتين فإنّه يعامل بأحكام الإسلام ولا يُتّهم في صدق إيمانه إلا ببيّنة. عدم جواز سوء الظنّ بالمسلمين لمجرد الشُّبهة. كلمة التوحيد سبب مقتضٍ لدخول الجنّة، وعدم الخلود في النّار. تواضع النبّي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، فقد أجاب دعوة أحد أصحابه إلى بيته ليصلّي له فيه نافلة، وقَبِل أن يأكل من طعامه الذي أعدّه له، في حين يترفع كثير من الناس أن يأكل طعامه مع الفقراء فضلًا عن أن يأكل طعامهم.
It is permissible for a blind man to lead the prayer. It is permissible to take a place of prayer in the house to pray in, for one who has an excuse keeping him from the congregational prayer, and for voluntary prayers; likewise it is permissible for women to take a place of prayer in their houses. It is permissible to perform a voluntary prayer in congregation occasionally. Everyone who pronounces the two testimonies is treated according to the rulings of Islam, and the sincerity of his faith is not impugned except by clear proof. It is not permissible to think ill of Muslims based on mere suspicion. The word of monotheism is a cause necessitating entry into Paradise and not abiding forever in the Fire. The humility of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), in that he answered the invitation of one of his Companions to his house to pray a voluntary prayer for him there, and accepted to eat from the food he had prepared for him, while many people disdain even to eat their own food with the poor, let alone to eat the food of the poor.