عن عائشةَ رضيَ اللهُ عنها قَالَتْ: تُوُفِّيَ رسولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم ودِرْعُهُ مرْهُونَةٌ عِندَ يهودِيٍّ في ثَلاثِينَ صاعًا منْ شَعِير. متفقٌ عليه.
A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away while his armour was pledged with a Jew for thirty measures (sa') of barley. Agreed upon.
الشرح · explanation
درعه: الدرع ما يُلبس في الحرب، وهو من حديد. مرهونة: الرهن في اللغة: الحبس، وفي الشرع: وضع عين ماليةٍ وثيقةً عند الدائن ليأخذ حقه منها إذا عجز المدين عن الوفاء.
His armour (dir'): the dir' is what is worn in war, and it is made of iron. Pledged (marhunah): in language, al-rahn means withholding; in the Sacred Law, it is placing a financial asset as security with the creditor so that he may take his due from it if the debtor is unable to repay.
الدروس · lessons
زهد النبي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم في الدنيا وعدم استكثاره منها. جواز معاملة أهل الكتاب، وإنما استدان النبي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم من اليهودي ولم يستدن من مياسير أصحابه، وذلك إما لبيان الجواز، أو لأنه لم يكن عندهم مال حين استدانته، أو أنه خشي أن لا يأخذوا ثمنًا أو عوضًا منه صلًى الله عليه وسلّم. جواز الاستدانة لمن نوى الوفاء. فضيلة أزواج النبي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم لصبرهنّ معه على ضيق العيش.
The Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) asceticism regarding this world and his not seeking abundance of it. The permissibility of dealing with the People of the Book. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took a loan from the Jew rather than from his well-off Companions, either to demonstrate its permissibility, or because they had no wealth at the time he borrowed, or because he feared they would not accept any price or compensation from him (peace and blessings be upon him). The permissibility of taking a loan for one who intends to repay it. The merit of the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) for their patience with him through the straitness of life.