روضة الحديث
حديث 520·الباب 56 · باب فضل الجوع وخشونة العيش والاقتصار على القليل من المأكول والمشروب والملبوس وغيرها من حظوظ النفس وترك الشهوات.·رياض الصالحين · Riyad Al Salihin

عن جابر رضي الله عنه قال: إِنَّا كُنَّا يَوْمَ الخَنْدَقِ نَحْفِرُ، فَعَرضَتْ كُدْيَةٌ شَديدَةٌ، فجاؤُوا النَّبِيَّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم فقالوا: هَذِهِ كُدْيَةٌ عَرَضَتْ في الخَنْدَقِ، فقال: «أَنَا نَازِلٌ» ثُمَّ قَامَ وبَطْنُهُ معْصوبٌ بحَجرٍ، وَلَبِثْنَا ثَلاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ لا نَذُوقُ ذَوَاقًا، فَأَخَذَ النَّبِيُّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم المِعْولَ، فَضرَبَ، فعاد كَثيبًا أَهْيَلَ أو أهيم، فقلتُ: يا رسولَ الله ائْذَن لي إِلى البيْتِ، فقلتُ لامْرَأَتي: رَأَيْتُ بِالنَّبِيِّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم شَيْئًا ما في ذلكَ صبْرٌ، فَعِنْدَكِ شَيءٌ؟ فقالت: عِندِي شَعِيرٌ وَعَنَاقٌ ، فَذَبَحْتُ العَنَاقَ، وطَحَنْتُ الشَّعِيرَ، حَتَّى جَعَلْنَا اللحمَ في البُرْمَةِ، ثُمَّ جِئْتُ النَّبيَّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم وَالعجِينُ قَدِ انْكَسَرَ، والبُرْمَةُ بيْنَ الأَثَافِيِّ قَد كَادَتَ تَنْضِجُ، فقلتُ: طُعَيِّمٌ لي، فَقُمْ أَنْت يا رسولَ الله وَرَجُلٌ أَوْ رَجُلانِ، قال: «كَمْ هُوَ؟» فَذَكَرتُ له فقال: «كثِيرٌ طَيِّبٌ، قُل لَهَا لا تَنْزِعِ البُرْمَةَ، ولا الخُبْزَ مِنَ التَّنُّورِ حَتَّى آتيَ» فقال: «قُومُوا» فقام المُهَاجِرُون وَالأَنْصَارُ، فَدَخَلْتُ عليها فقلت: وَيْحَكِ جَاءَ النبيُّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم وَالمُهَاجِرُونَ وَالأَنْصارُ وَمن مَعَهم ! قالت: هل سأَلَكَ؟ قلتُ: نعم، قال: «ادْخُلوا وَلا تَضَاغَطُوا» فَجَعَلَ يَكْسِرُ الخُبْزَ، وَيجْعَلُ عليهِ اللَّحمَ، ويُخَمِّرُ البُرْمَةَ والتَّنُّورَ إِذا أَخَذَ مِنْهُ، وَيُقَرِّبُ إِلى أَصْحَابِهِ ثُمَّ يَنْزِعُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَكْسِرُ وَيَغْرِفُ حَتَّى شَبِعُوا، وَبَقِيَ مِنْهُ، فقال صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «كُلِي هذَا وَأَهْدِي، فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ أَصَابَتهُمْ مَجَاعَةٌ» متفقٌ عليه. وفي روايةٍ: قال جابرٌ: لمَّا حُفِرَ الخَنْدَقُ رَأَيتُ بِالنّبيِّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم خَمَصًا، فَانْكَفَأْتُ إِلى امْرَأَتي فقلتُ: هل عِنْدَكِ شَيْء، فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ بِرسولِ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم خَمَصًا شَدِيدًا؟ فَأَخْرَجَتْ إِليَّ جِرابًا فِيهِ صَاعٌ مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، وَلَنَا بُهَيْمَةٌ داجِنٌ فَذَبحْتُهَا، وَطَحنت الشّعير، فَفَرَغَتْ إلى فَرَاغِي، وَقَطَّعْتُهَا في بُرْمَتِهَا، ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُ إلى رسول الله صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، فَقَالَتْ: لا تفضحْني برسولِ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم ومن معَهُ، فجئْتُهُ فَسَارَرْتُهُ فقلتُ: يا رسول الله ذَبَحْنا بُهَيمَةً لَنَا، وَطَحَنْتُ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، فَتَعالَ أَنْتَ وَنَفَرٌ مَعَكَ، فَصَاحَ رسولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم فقال: «يَا أَهْلَ الخَنْدَق إِنَّ جابرًا قدْ صنَعَ سُؤْرًا فَحَيَّهَلا بكُمْ» فقال النبيُّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «لا تُنْزِلُنَّ بُرْمَتَكُمْ، وَلا تَخْبِزُنَّ عجِينَكُمْ حَتَّى أَجِيءَ» فَجِئْتُ، وَجَاءَ النَّبِيُّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم يقْدُمُ النَّاسَ، حَتَّى جِئْتُ امْرَأَتي فقالتْ: بِكَ وَبِكَ! فقلتُ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ الَّذِي قُلْتِ. فَأَخْرَجَتْ عَجِينًا، فَبسَقَ فِيهِ وبارَكَ، ثُمَّ عَمَدَ إِلى بُرْمَتِنا فَبَصَق وَبَارَكَ، ثُمَّ قال: «ادْعِي خَابزَةً فلْتَخْبِزْ مَعكِ، وَاقْدَحِي مِنْ بُرْمَتِكُم وَلا تُنْزِلُوها» وَهُمْ أَلْفٌ، فَأُقْسِمُ بِالله لأَكَلُوا حَتَّى تَركُوهُ وَانَحرَفُوا، وإِنَّ بُرْمَتَنَا لَتَغِطُّ كَمَا هِيَ، وَإنَّ عَجِينَنَا لَيُخْبَز كَمَا هُوَ.

Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: On the day of the Trench we were digging when a hard rock obstructed us. They came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: This is a rock that has obstructed us in the trench. He said: "I shall go down." Then he stood up, with his belly bound with a stone, for we had remained three days tasting no food. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took the pickaxe and struck, and the rock turned into a heap of soft sand. I said: O Messenger of Allah, permit me to go to my house. I said to my wife: I saw in the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) something past enduring. Have you anything? She said: I have some barley and a young goat. So I slaughtered the goat and I ground the barley, and we put the meat in the pot. Then I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while the dough was rising and the pot was set between the hearthstones, nearly cooked. I said: I have a little food; so rise, O Messenger of Allah, you and a man or two. He said: "How much is it?" I told him, and he said: "It is much and good. Tell her not to take the pot off, nor the bread from the oven, until I come." Then he said: "Rise up." So the Emigrants and the Helpers rose. I went in to her and said: Woe to you! The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has come with the Emigrants and the Helpers and those with them! She said: Did he ask you? I said: Yes. He said: "Enter and do not crowd." He began to break the bread, place the meat upon it, and cover the pot and the oven whenever he took from it, then he would bring it near to his Companions and then withdraw it. He kept breaking and ladling until they were satisfied, and there still remained some of it. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Eat of this and give it as a gift, for the people have been stricken by famine." Agreed upon. In another narration, Jabir said: When the trench was being dug, I saw in the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) signs of hunger. So I turned to my wife and said: Have you anything? For I have seen in the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) severe hunger. She brought out for me a sack containing a sa' of barley, and we had a tame lamb, which I slaughtered, and she ground the barley. She finished as I finished, and I cut the meat into the pot. Then I turned toward the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). She said: Do not disgrace me before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and those with him. So I came to him and spoke to him privately, saying: O Messenger of Allah, we have slaughtered a lamb of ours and I have ground a sa' of barley, so come, you and a few men with you. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called out and said: "O people of the Trench, Jabir has prepared a feast, so come along!" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not take down your pot, nor bake your dough, until I come." So I came, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came leading the people, until I reached my wife, who said: It is your doing and your doing! I said: I did what you told me. She brought out the dough, and he spat into it and invoked blessing; then he turned to our pot and spat and invoked blessing. Then he said: "Call a woman to bake with you, and ladle from your pot but do not take it down" — and they were a thousand. I swear by Allah, they ate until they left it and turned away, while our pot was still bubbling as it was, and our dough was still being baked as it was.

الشرح · explanation

غزوة الخندق: كانت في السنة الخامسة بعد الهجرة، وقيل السنة الرابعة. كُدْيَةٌ عرضَت: قِطْعَةٌ غَلِيظَةٌ صُلْبَةٌ مِنَ الأَرْضِ لا تَعْمَلُ فيها الْفَأْسُ. لا نذوق ذواقًا: لا نأكل طعاما. كَثِيبًا أَهْيَلَ: أَصْلُهُ تَلُّ الرَّمْلِ، والمُرَادُ هُنَا: صَارت الصخرةْ تُرابًا ناعِمًا. البرمة: قدر من حجارة. الأَثَافيُّ: الأَحْجَارُ الَّتي تَكُونُ عَلَيْهَا القِدرُ. تَضَاغَطُوا: تَزَاحَمُوا. مَجاعَة: جُوع. خَمصًا: جُوعًا. انْكَفَأْتُ: انْقَلَبْتُ وَرَجَعْتُ. بهيمة: عناق من أولاد المعز أتت عليها سنة. داجن: ألفت البيت. السُّؤْر: الطّعَام الَّذِي يُدْعَى النَّاسُ إليْه. حَيَّهَلا: أي تَعَالَوْا. قَوْلها بكَ وَبكَ: أي خَاصَمَتْهُ وَسَبَّتْهُ لأَنَّهَا اعْتَقْدَت أَنَّ الَّذي عِنْدَهُمْ  لا يَكفيهِمْ، فَاسْتَحْيَتْ، وَخَفِيَ علَيْهَا مَا أَكَرَم اللهُ سُبحانَهُ وتعالى بِهِ نَبِيَّهُ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم مِنْ هذِهِ المُعْجِزَةِ الظَّاهِرةِ والآيَةِ الْبَاهِرَةِ. بَسقَ وبصَقَ وَيُقَالُ أَيضًا بَزقَ ثَلاثُ لُغَاتٍ. عمد: قصد. اقدحي: اغرفي. تغطّ: أي تغلي ولغليانها صوت.

The Battle of the Trench: it occurred in the fifth year after the Hijrah, and it is said the fourth year. A rock that obstructed (kudyah): a thick, hard piece of ground on which the pickaxe has no effect. Tasting no food (la nadhuqu dhawaqan): not eating any food. A heap of soft sand (kathiban ahyala): originally a mound of sand; what is meant here is that the rock turned into fine soil. The pot (al-burmah): a pot made of stone. The hearthstones (al-athafiyy): the stones upon which the cooking pot is placed. Do not crowd (tadaghatu): do not press in upon one another. Famine (maja'ah): hunger. Hunger (khamsan): hunger. I turned (inkafa'tu): I turned back and returned. A lamb (buhaymah): a young goat that has completed a year. Tame (dajin): one that has become accustomed to the house. A feast (al-su'r): the food to which people are invited. Come along (hayyahala): that is, come. Her saying "It is your doing and your doing" (bika wa bika): that is, she quarreled with and rebuked him, because she believed that what they had would not suffice them; she felt ashamed, and there was hidden from her the honor with which Allah, glorified and exalted, ennobled His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) through this manifest miracle and dazzling sign. He spat (basaqa, basaqa, and also bazaqa): three dialectal forms. He turned (amada): he set out toward, intended. Ladle (iqdahi): scoop out. Bubbling (taghittu): that is, boiling, the boiling having a sound.

الدروس · lessons

مشاركة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم لأصحابه في العمل وفي الجوع والتعب، وحبه لهم وعطفه عليهم. بيان مدى تحمل الصحابة  الجوع وصبرهم على التعب، وحبهم لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم. من أعلام النبوّة تفتيته صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم الكدية التي عجز عنها غيره. معجزة تكثير الطعام، وقد حصلت لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أكثر من مرة. على المسلم ألّا يزدري ما عنده من نعمة ولو كانت قليلة أو صغيرة، فالبركة تكثّر القليل وتعظّم الصغير. استحباب الهديّة المناسبة للحال، وخاصة أيام الحاجة والمجاعة فيهدى ما يسدّ الجوع والحاجة.

The Messenger of Allah's sharing with his Companions in labor, hunger, and fatigue (peace and blessings be upon him), and his love and compassion for them. A demonstration of the extent of the Companions' endurance of hunger, their patience with fatigue, and their love for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Among the signs of prophethood is his crumbling (peace and blessings be upon him) of the rock that others were unable to break. The miracle of the multiplication of food, which occurred to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) more than once. The Muslim should not scorn the blessing he has, even if it be little or small, for blessing multiplies the little and magnifies the small. The recommendation of giving a gift suited to the situation, especially in days of need and famine, when one gives what wards off hunger and need.

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