روضة الحديث
حديث 521·الباب 56 · باب فضل الجوع وخشونة العيش والاقتصار على القليل من المأكول والمشروب والملبوس وغيرها من حظوظ النفس وترك الشهوات.·رياض الصالحين · Riyad Al Salihin

عن أَنس رضي الله عنه قال: قال أَبو طَلْحَةَ لأُمِّ سُلَيْم: قَد سَمعتُ صَوتَ رسول الله صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم ضَعِيفًا أَعرِفُ فِيهِ الجُوعَ، فَهَل عِندَكِ مِن شيءٍ؟ فقالت: نَعَمْ، فَأَخْرَجَتْ أَقْرَاصًا مِن شَعيرٍ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَت خِمَارًا لَهَا فَلَفَّتِ الخُبزَ بِبَعضِه، ثُمَّ دسَّتْهُ تَحْتَ ثَوبي وَرَدَّتْني بِبَعضِه، ثُمَّ أَرْسلَتْنِي إِلى رسول الله  صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، فَذَهَبتُ بِهِ، فَوَجَدتُ رسولَ الله صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، جالِسًا في المَسْجِدِ، ومَعَهُ النَّاسُ، فَقُمتُ عَلَيهِمْ، فقالَ رسولُ الله صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «أَرْسَلَكَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ؟» فقلت: نَعم ، فقال: «أَلِطَعَامٍ؟» فقلت: نَعَم ، فقال رسولُ الله  صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «قُومُوا» فَانْطَلَقُوا وَانْطَلَقْتُ بَيْنَ أَيديِهِم حَتَّى جِئتُ أَبَا طَلْحَةَ فَأَخبَرتُهُ، فقال أَبُو طَلْحَةَ: يا أُمَّ سُلَيمٍ، قَد جَاءَ رسولُ الله  صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم بالنَّاسِ وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَنَا ما نُطْعِمُهُمْ؟ فقالت: اللهُ ورسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ. فَانطَلَقَ أَبُو طَلْحةَ حتَّى لَقِيَ رسولَ اللهِ  صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، فأَقبَلَ رسولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم مَعَه حَتَّى دَخَلا، فقال رسولُ اللهِ  صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «هَلُمِّي ما عِندَكِ يا أُمَّ  سُلَيْمٍ» فَأَتَتْ بِذلكَ الخُبْزِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ رسولُ اللهِ صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ  ففُتَّ، وعَصَرَتْ عَلَيْهِ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ عُكَّةً فَآدَمَتْهُ، ثُمَّ قال فِيهِ رسول اللهِ  صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم ما شَاءَ اللهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «ائْذَنْ لِعَشَرَةٍ» فَأَذِنَ لَهُم ، فَأَكَلُوا حَتَّى شَبِعُوا، ثُمَّ خَرَجُوا، ثم قال: «ائذَنْ لِعَشَرَةٍ» فَأَذنَ لهُم، فَأَكَلُوا حتَّى شَبِعُوا، ثم خَرَجوا، ثُمَّ قال: «ائذَنْ لِعَشَرَةٍ» فَأَذِنَ لهم حتّى أَكلَ القَوْمُ كُلُّهُمْ وَشَبِعُوا، وَالْقَوْمُ سَبْعونَ رَجُلًا أَوْ ثَمَانُونَ. متفق عليه. في روايةٍ: فما زال يَدْخُلُ عشَرَةٌ ويَخرُجُ عَشَرَةٌ، حتّى لم يَبْقَ مِنهم أَحَدٌ إِلّا دَخَلَ، فَأَكَلَ حتَّى شَبِعَ، ثُمَّ  هَيَّأَهَا فَإِذا هِي مِثلُهَا حِينَ أَكَلُوا مِنْها. في روايةٍ: فَأَكَلُوا عَشَرَةً عَشَرةً، حتَّى فَعَلَ ذلكَ بثَمانِينَ رَجُلًا، ثُمَّ  أَكَلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم بعد ذلكَ وََأَهْلُ البَيت، وَتَركُوا سُؤرًا. وفي روايةٍ: ثُمَّ أفضَلُوا ما بَلَغُوا جيرانَهُم. وفي روايةٍ عن أَنسٍ قال: جِئتُ رسولَ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم يوْمًا، فَوَجَدتُهُ جَالِسًا مع أَصحابِهِ وَقد عَصَبَ بَطْنَهُ بِعِصابَةٍ، فقلتُ لِبَعضِ أَصحَابِهِ: لِمَ عَصَبَ رسولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم بطْنَهُ؟ فقالوا: مِنَ الجُوعِ، فَذَهَبْتُ إِلى أبي طَلحَةَ، وَهُوَ زَوْجُ أُمِّ سُليْمٍ بنتِ مِلحانَ، فقلتُ: يَا أَبتَاهُ، قد رَأَيْتُ رسولَ الله صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم عَصبَ بطنَهُ بِعِصَابَةٍ، فَسَأَلتُ بَعْضَ أَصحَابِهِ، فقالوا: مِنَ الجُوعِ. فَدَخل أَبُو طَلحَةَ على أُمِّي فقال: هَل مِنْ شَيءٍ؟ قالتْ: نعم عِندِي كِسَرٌ مِنْ خُبْزٍ وَتَمَرَاتٌ، فإِنْ جَاءَنَا رسولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم وَحْدَهُ أَشبَعنَاه، وإِنْ جَاءَ آخَرُ معه قَلَّ عَنْهمْ، وذَكَرَ تَمَامَ الحَديث.

Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Abu Talhah said to Umm Sulaym, "I have heard the voice of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sounding weak, and I recognized hunger in it. Have you anything?" She said, "Yes." So she brought out some barley loaves, then took a head-covering of hers and wrapped part of the bread in it. She then tucked it under my garment and draped the rest of it over me, and sent me to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). I took it and went, and found the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sitting in the mosque with people around him. I stood before them, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Did Abu Talhah send you?" I said, "Yes." He asked, "For a meal?" I said, "Yes." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to those with him, "Get up." So they set out, and I walked ahead of them until I came to Abu Talhah and informed him. Abu Talhah said, "O Umm Sulaym, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has come with people, and we do not have enough to feed them!" She said, "Allah and His Messenger know best." So Abu Talhah went out and met the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came along with him until they both entered. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Bring what you have, O Umm Sulaym." She brought that bread, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered it to be crumbled, and Umm Sulaym squeezed onto it a skin of butter to season it. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said over it what Allah willed him to say, and then he said, "Admit ten." They were admitted, and they ate until they were full, then they went out. He then said, "Admit ten." They were admitted, and they ate until they were full, then they went out. He then said, "Admit ten." They were admitted, until all the people had eaten and were satisfied; and the people numbered seventy or eighty men. [Agreed upon] In another narration: Ten kept entering and ten kept leaving, until not one of them remained who had not entered and eaten until he was full. He then gathered it together, and behold, it was just as it had been when they began to eat from it. In another narration: They ate ten at a time, until he had done that with eighty men. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) then ate after that, as did the people of the household, and they left a remainder. In another narration: They left over so much that they sent it to their neighbors. In another narration from Anas, he said: I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) one day and found him sitting with his companions with a band tied around his belly. I said to one of his companions, "Why has the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) tied a band around his belly?" They said, "Out of hunger." So I went to Abu Talhah, who was the husband of Umm Sulaym bint Milhan, and said, "O father, I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) with a band tied around his belly, and I asked some of his companions, and they said it was out of hunger." Abu Talhah went in to my mother and said, "Is there anything?" She said, "Yes, I have some pieces of bread and a few dates. If the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) comes to us alone, we can satisfy him; but if another comes with him, it will be too little for them." And he mentioned the rest of the hadith.

الشرح · explanation

خمار: غطاء الرأس. دسّته: أدخلته وخبّأته. وردّتني ببعضه: لفّتني ببعض الخمار، أي جعلته رداءً. هلمّي ما عندك: احضري وهاتي ما عندك. عكّة: وعاء من جلد مستدير مختص بالسمن والعسل، وهو بالسمن أخص. آدَمَته: خلطت الخبز بالسمن. هيّأها: جمعها بعد أكلهم جميعًا. سؤرًا: السّؤر هو الفضلة والمراد هنا بقّية من طعام. أفضَلوا: أبقَوا من الطعام. ما بلغوا جيرانهم: أوصلوه هدية إليهم. عصب: ربط. يا أبتاه: ناداه بذلك تأدبًا، وإلا فأبو طلحة زوج أم أنس وليس أباه. كِسَر: قِطع.

Head-covering (khimar): a covering for the head. Tucked it: put it in and concealed it. Draped the rest of it over me: she wrapped me in part of the head-covering, that is, she made it into an outer wrap. Bring what you have: produce and hand over what you have. Skin of butter ('ukkah): a round leather vessel used specifically for clarified butter and honey, and most especially for clarified butter. Season it: she mixed the bread with the clarified butter. Gathered it together: she collected it after they had all eaten. Remainder: a leftover; what is meant here is what was left over of the food. They left over: they left some of the food. Sent it to their neighbors: they conveyed it to them as a gift. Tied: bound. O father: he addressed him thus out of courtesy, for in fact Abu Talhah was the husband of Anas's mother, not his father. Pieces (kisar): morsels.

الدروس · lessons

ابتلاء الأنبياء واختبارهم بالجوع، وتعدد أحوالهم، ليتأسّى بهم أصحابهم. قصة أخرى في أيام الخندق، ومعجزة أيضًا من معجزاته صلى الله عليه وسلم. ما كان عليه الصحابة من الاعتناء بأحوال رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم. منقبة لأمّ سُليم رضي الله عنها ودلالة على فقهها ورجحان عقلها. ضيق حال الصحابة يومئذ وصبرهم على ذلك. الاكتفاء بالقوت وترك ما زاد عليه من شهوة النفس وحظها. يستحب لصاحب الطعام وأهله أن يكون أكلهم بعد فراغ الضيفان.

The prophets are tested and tried with hunger, and their states vary, so that their companions may take them as an example. Another account during the days of the Battle of the Trench, and likewise a miracle among the miracles of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The care the Companions had for the condition of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). A virtue of Umm Sulaym (may Allah be pleased with her) and an indication of her understanding and sound judgment. The straitened circumstances of the Companions at that time and their patience with it. Contentment with one's sustenance and abandoning what exceeds it of the soul's desire and craving. It is recommended for the host and his household to eat only after the guests have finished.

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