عن حَكيم بن حِزَامٍ رضي اللهُ عنه قال: سَأَلْتُ رسولَ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم فَأَعطَاني، ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُهُ فَأَعطَاني، ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُهُ فَأَعطَاني، ثُمَّ قال: «يا حَكيمُ، إِنَّ هذا المَالَ خَضِرٌ حُلْوٌ، فَمنْ أَخَذَهُ بِسَخَاوَةِ نَفْسٍ بُوركَ لَهُ فِيه، وَمَن أَخَذَهُ بِإِشرَافِ نَفْسٍ لَمْ يُبَارَكْ لهُ فيهِ، وكَانَ كَالَّذِي يَأْكُلُ ولا يَشْبَعُ، واليَدُ العُلَيا خَيرٌ مِنَ اليَدِ السُّفلَى» قال حَكيمٌ فقلتُ: يا رسول اللهِ، وَالَّذِي بَعثَكَ بالحَقِّ لا أَرْزَأُ أَحدًا بَعدَكَ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أُفَارِقَ الدُّنيَا. فَكَانَ أَبُو بكرٍ رضي اللهُ عنه يَدْعُو حَكيمًا لِيُعطيَهُ العَطَاءَ، فَيَأْبَى أنْ يَقْبَلَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ عُمر رضي اللهُ عنه دَعَاهُ لِيُعطيهُ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَقْبلَهُ، فقال: يا مَعشَرَ المُسْلمينَ، أُشْهِدُكُمْ عَلى حَكيمٍ أَنِّي أَعْرِضُ عَلَيه حَقَّهُ الَّذِي قَسَمه اللهُ لَهُ في هذا الْفيْءِ، فيَأْبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ، فَلَمْ يَرْزَأْ حَكيمٌ أَحدًا مِنَ النَّاسِ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ. متفقٌ عليه.
Hakim ibn Hizam (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and he gave me; then I asked him again and he gave me; then I asked him again and he gave me. Then he said, "O Hakim, this wealth is green and sweet. Whoever takes it with a generous heart will be blessed in it, but whoever takes it with a greedy heart will not be blessed in it, and he will be like one who eats but is never satisfied. The upper hand is better than the lower hand." Hakim said: I said, "O Messenger of Allah, by the One who sent you with the truth, I will never take anything from anyone after you until I depart this world." So Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) used to summon Hakim to give him a grant, but he refused to accept anything from him. Then Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) summoned him to give to him, but he refused to accept it, and Umar said, "O company of Muslims, I call you to witness concerning Hakim that I offer him his right which Allah has apportioned to him from this spoils, but he refuses to take it." So Hakim never took anything from anyone after the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) until he passed away. [Agreed upon]
الشرح · explanation
سألت: أي طلبت منه مالًا. خضر حلو: يشبه في الميل عليه ورغبة النفس فيه الفاكهة الخضرة الحلوة. بورك فيه: أي أغناه القليل منه عن الكثير. العليا: المعطية. السفلى: السائلة. يرْزَأ: أي لمْ يأْخُذْ مِنْ أَحدٍ شَيْئًا. إِشْرَافُ النَّفسِ: تَطَلُّعُها وطَمعُهَا بالشَّيْءِ. سَخَاوَةُ النَّفْسِ: أي بغير طمَعٍ ولا شرهٍ. أشهدكم على حكيم: أشهد عليه عمر لأنه أراد ألا ينسبه أحد إلى منع حكيم من حقه، بل حكيم رضي الله عنه هو الذي أبى.
I asked: that is, I requested wealth from him. Green and sweet: in the inclination toward it and the soul's desire for it, it resembles sweet green fruit. Will be blessed in it: that is, a little of it will suffice him in place of much. The upper hand: the giving hand. The lower hand: the begging hand. Take (yarza'): that is, he did not take anything from anyone. A greedy heart (ishraf al-nafs): the soul's craving and coveting of a thing. A generous heart (sakhawat al-nafs): that is, without greed or covetousness. I call you to witness concerning Hakim: Umar called others to witness against him because he did not want anyone to attribute to him the withholding of Hakim's right; rather it was Hakim (may Allah be pleased with him) himself who refused.
الدروس · lessons
الحث على العطاء بسخاوة وعدم البخل والشح، ولا سيما إذا كان في العطاء تآلفٌ للقلوب. حرص الإنسان على المال لغير حاجة يحمله على مسؤولية المال من غير فائدة ولا حاجة. أخذ المال وجمعه بطرق مشروعة لا يتعارض مع الزهد في الدنيا، لأن الزهد سخاوة نفس وعدم تعلق القلب بالمال. التنفير من مسألة الناس ولا سيما لغير حاجة والحرص على أن يكون المرء معطيًا لا سائلًا آخذًا. فضيلة حكيم وغيره من أصحاب رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، ومدى التزامهم العهد مع الله عزّ وجل ورسوله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم. من واجب الحاكم إيصال الحقوق لأصحابها. ضرب المثل بما هو معروف لتقريب المعنى إلى نفس السامع.
Encouragement to give generously and to avoid miserliness and stinginess, especially when the giving brings about harmony between hearts. A person's eagerness for wealth without need burdens him with responsibility for that wealth without benefit or need. Acquiring and amassing wealth by lawful means does not contradict abstinence from worldly things, for abstinence is generosity of the soul and the heart's detachment from wealth. Discouragement from begging people, especially without need, and the encouragement to be a giver rather than one who begs and takes. The merit of Hakim and other Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and the extent of their fidelity to their covenant with Allah, Mighty and Majestic, and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). It is among the duties of the ruler to convey people's rights to them. Using a familiar example to bring the meaning closer to the listener's understanding.