عَن ابن مسعود رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قالَ: قال رسول الله صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «أَيُّكُمْ مَالُ وَارِثِهِ أَحَبُّ إِليهِ مِنْ مَالهِ؟» قالُوا: يا رَسولَ الله، ما مِنَّا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا مَالُهُ أَحَبُّ إِليه، قال: «فَإِنَّ مَالَهُ ما قَدَّمَ، وَمَالَ وَارِثهِ ما أَخَّرَ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Which of you holds the wealth of his heir dearer to him than his own wealth?" They said: "O Messenger of Allah, there is none among us but that his own wealth is dearer to him." He said: "Indeed, his own wealth is that which he has sent ahead, and the wealth of his heir is that which he leaves behind." Reported by al-Bukhari.
الشرح · explanation
فإن ماله ما قدّم: بأن تصدّق بالمال أو أنفقه في الأكل واللبس. وَمَالَ وَارِثهِ ما أَخَّرَ: أي المال الذي لم ينفقه أو يستهلكه ولم يتصدق به بل مات وتركه، فصار ملكًا لمن يرثه.
"His own wealth is that which he has sent ahead": by giving it in charity or spending it on food and clothing. "The wealth of his heir is that which he leaves behind": meaning the wealth he did not spend or consume, nor gave away in charity, but died and left behind, so it became the property of those who inherit from him.
الدروس · lessons
بلاغة النّبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم في الحثّ على الصدقة. حرص الإسلام على تصحيح المفاهيم والمبادئ السائدة. أن المال الذي يكون لك حقيقة وتنتفع به هو ما أنفقته وانتفعت به أو تصدّقت به أو عملت به وقفًا وصدقة جارية، أمّا المال الذي تموت وتتركه هو في الحقيقة ليس مالك هو لورثتك، فلنحرص على أن نستثمر مالنا في حياتنا ليبقى نفعه مستمرا لنا بعد مماتنا. أن يحرص المسلم على العمل الصالح بنفسه لا أن يجعل نفسه مرهونة بورثته هل يقيمون له وقفا أو صدقة جارية بعد موته أم لا، فالمال فتنة وربما طمعت نفوسهم فيه وتناسوا والديهم. صاحب المال لا ينبغي له أن يضر ورثته بأن يتصدق بأكثر من ثلث ماله بل الأفضل أن يكون أقل من الثلث.
The eloquence of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in urging people toward charity. Islam's concern with correcting prevailing concepts and notions. That the wealth which is truly yours and from which you benefit is what you have spent and benefited from, given in charity, or made into an endowment or ongoing charity. As for the wealth you die and leave behind, it is in reality not yours but your heirs'. So let us be eager to invest our wealth during our lives, so that its benefit continues for us after our death. That the Muslim should be diligent in performing righteous deeds himself, rather than leaving himself dependent on his heirs as to whether they will establish an endowment or ongoing charity for him after his death or not; for wealth is a trial, and their souls may covet it and forget their parents. The owner of wealth should not harm his heirs by giving away more than a third of his wealth in charity; rather, it is better that it be less than a third.