عَنْ أبي كَبْشَةَ عُمرَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الأَنمَاريِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أَنَّهُ سمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم يَقُولُ: «ثَلاثَةٌ أُقْسِمُ عَلَيهِنَّ، وَأُحَدِّثُكُم حَدِيثًا فَاحْفَظُوهُ: مَا نَقَصَ مَالُ عَبْدٍ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ، وَلا ظُلِمَ عَبْدٌ مَظْلِمَةً صَبَرَ عَلَيْهَا إِلَّا زَادَهُ اللهُ عِزًّا، وَلا فَتَحَ عَبْدٌ بابَ مَسْأَلَةٍ إِلَّا فَتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ باب فَقْرٍ، أَوْ كَلِمَةً نَحْوَهَا، وَأُحَدِّثُكُمْ حَدِيثًا فَاحْفَظُوه» قال: «إِنَّمَا الدُّنْيَا لِأَرْبَعَةِ نَفَرٍ: عَبْدٍ رَزَقَهُ اللهُ مَالًا وَعِلْمًا، فَهُو يَتَّقي فِيهِ رَبَّهُ، وَيَصِلُ فِيهِ رَحِمَهُ، وَيَعْلَمُ للهِ فِيهِ حَقًّا، فَهذَا بأَفضَلِ المَنازلِ، وَعَبْدٍ رَزَقَهُ اللهُ عِلْمًا، وَلَمْ يَرْزُقهُ مَالًا، فَهُوَ صَادِقُ النِّيَّةِ يَقُولُ: لَوْ أَنَّ لي مَالًا لَعمِلْتُ بِعَمَلِ فُلانٍ، فَهُوَ بنِيَّتِهِ، فَأَجْرُهُمَا سَوَاءٌ، وَعَبْدٍ رَزَقَهُ اللهُ مَالًا، وَلَمْ يرْزُقْهُ عِلْمًا، فهُوَ يَخْبِطُ في مالِهِ بِغَيرِ عِلْمٍ، لا يَتَّقي فِيهِ رَبَّهُ، وَلا يَصِلُ فيهِ رَحِمَهُ، وَلا يَعلَمُ للهِ فِيهِ حَقًّا، فَهَذَا بأَخْبَثِ المَنَازِلِ، وَعَبْدٍ لَمْ يرْزُقْهُ اللهُ مَالًا وَلا عِلْمًا، فَهُوَ يَقُولُ: لَوْ أَنَّ لي مَالًا لَعَمِلْتُ فِيهِ بِعَمَلِ فُلانٍ، فَهُوَ نِيَّتُهُ، فَوِزْرُهُمَا سَوَاءٌ» رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وقال : حديثٌ حسنٌ صحيحٌ .
Abu Kabshah 'Umar ibn Sa'd al-Anmari (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "There are three things which I swear to be true, and I will tell you something, so keep it in mind: A man's wealth is never diminished by charity; no servant is wronged with an injustice and bears it patiently except that Allah increases him in honour; and no servant opens for himself the door of begging except that Allah opens for him a door of poverty" -- or words to that effect. "And I will tell you something, so keep it in mind," he said. "This world is only for four kinds of people: a servant whom Allah has provided with wealth and knowledge, so he is mindful of his Lord regarding it, maintains ties of kinship through it, and acknowledges Allah's right in it -- this one is in the most excellent station. And a servant whom Allah has provided with knowledge but not with wealth, who is sincere in intention, saying, 'If only I had wealth, I would do as so-and-so does' -- he is rewarded for his intention, and the reward of the two is equal. And a servant whom Allah has provided with wealth but not with knowledge, who blunders about with his wealth without knowledge, neither mindful of his Lord regarding it, nor maintaining ties of kinship through it, nor acknowledging Allah's right in it -- this one is in the most wretched station. And a servant whom Allah has provided with neither wealth nor knowledge, who says, 'If only I had wealth, I would do as so-and-so does' -- so this is his intention, and the burden of sin upon the two is equal." Reported by al-Tirmidhi, who said: a sound, authentic hadith (hasan sahih).
الشرح · explanation
ثلاثة: أي ثلاث خصال. مَظلِمة: هي ما أُخذ منك ظلمًا. نفر: ما بين الثلاثة إلى العشرة. يعلم لله فيه حقًا: سواء كان واجبًا عينيًا أو كفائيًا أو مندوبًا. بأفضل المنازل: من الجنة. فهو بنيته: المراد بالنية هنا العزم، لأنه هو الذي يثاب عليه أو يعاقب.
Three things: that is, three qualities. An injustice (mazlimah): that which is taken from you wrongfully. Kinds of people (nafar): a group of between three and ten. Acknowledges Allah's right in it: whether it be an individual obligation, a communal obligation, or a recommended act. The most excellent station: of Paradise. He is rewarded for his intention: what is meant by intention here is firm resolve, for that is what one is rewarded or punished for.
الدروس · lessons
يظهر أثر العفو والصفح عزًّا ورفعةً في الدنيا والآخرة. من كان غنيًا بكسبه أو بما عنده من مال ومد يده يسأل الناس ليستكثر من أموالهم أو جعل المسألة هي عمله وشغله مع قدرته على التكسب أفقره الله في الدنيا والآخرة. من عجز عن الإنفاق لضيق ذات اليد وشدة فقره فلا يعجز عن النيّة الصادقة أن لو أعطاه الله مالًا سينفقه في سبيله لا في معصيته. الحثّ على العلم والعمل مع الإخلاص فيهما وذمّ الجهل لأنّه يوقع في الحرام ويبعد المرء عن سبيل الطاعة والإحسان.
The effect of pardoning and forbearance appears as honour and elevation in this world and the Hereafter. Whoever is self-sufficient through his earnings or the wealth he possesses, yet stretches out his hand to beg from people in order to amass more of their wealth, or makes begging his occupation despite being able to earn -- Allah impoverishes him in this world and the Hereafter. Whoever is unable to spend because of hardship and severe poverty is not unable to hold a sincere intention that, had Allah given him wealth, he would spend it in His path and not in disobedience. Encouragement toward knowledge and action together with sincerity in both, and the condemnation of ignorance, for it leads one into the forbidden and distances one from the path of obedience and excellence.