عَنْ أبي هريرةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أَنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم يَقُولُ: «مَثَلُ البَخِيلِ والمُنْفِقِ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا جُنَّتَانِ مِنْ حَديدٍ مِنْ ثُدِيِّهِما إِلى تَرَاقِيهمَا، فَأَمَّا المُنْفِقُ، فَلا يُنْفِقُ إِلَّا سَبَغَتْ، أَوْ وَفَرَتْ على جِلدِهِ حتَّى تُخْفِيَ بَنَانَهُ، وَتَعْفُوَ أَثَرَهُ، وَأَمَّا البَخِيلُ، فَلا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُنْفِقَ شَيئًا إِلَّا لَزِقَتْ كُلُّ حَلْقَةٍ مَكَانَهَا، فَهُوَ يُوَسِّعُهَا فَلا تَتَّسِعُ» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "The likeness of the miser and the one who gives charity is that of two men wearing coats of mail from their breasts to their collarbones. As for the giver of charity, he does not give anything except that the coat expands and spreads over his skin until it covers his fingertips and effaces his tracks. As for the miser, he does not wish to give anything except that every ring clings to its place, and he tries to widen it but it does not widen." Agreed upon.
الشرح · explanation
جُنَّتان: أي درعان يحميانه. تراقيهما: جمع ترقوة، وهي العظم الذي بين ثغرة النحر والعاتق من الجانبين. سبغت أو وفرت: امتدت وكملت وَطَالَتْ حتَّى تجُرَّ وَرَاءه وتُخْفِيَ رِجْلَيْهِ وأَثَرَ مَشْيِهِ وخُطُواتِه. بنانه: مفاصل الأصبع. تعفو أثره: أي تغطي أثره حتى لا يظهر. لزقت: انقبضت.
Two coats of mail (junnatan): that is, two suits of armour that protect him. Their collarbones (taraqi): the plural of tarquwah, the bone between the pit of the throat and the shoulder on each side. Expands or spreads (sabaghat aw wafarat): it lengthens, becomes complete, and extends until it trails behind him and conceals his feet and the traces of his walking and his footsteps. His fingertips (banan): the joints of the fingers. Efface his tracks: that is, it covers his footprints so they do not appear. Clings (laziqat): contracts.
الدروس · lessons
الصدقة تستر الخطايا كما يغطي الثوب الذي يجر على الأرض أثر صاحبه بمرور الذيل عليه. الكريم إذا همّ بالصدقة انشرح لها صدره وطابت نفسه، والبخيل إذا حدّث نفسه بالصدقة شحّت نفسه وضاق صدره وانقبضت يداه. مشروعية ضرب المثل، وقد مثّل النَّبِيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم للبخيل والمتصدق فإن المثل أبلغ في الإفهام والتأثير.
Charity conceals sins, just as a garment trailing along the ground covers a person's tracks as its hem passes over them. When the generous person resolves to give charity, his breast opens to it and his soul is at ease; whereas when the miser contemplates charity, his soul grows stingy, his breast tightens, and his hands close up. The permissibility of striking parables: the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave a parable for the miser and the giver of charity, for a parable is more effective in conveying understanding and leaving an impact.