عَنْ أبي هُريرةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قال: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إلى النَّبِيِّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم فقال: إني مَجْهُودٌ، فأَرسَلَ إِلى بَعْضِ نِسائِهِ، فَقَالتْ: والَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالحَقِّ ما عِندِي إِلَّا مَاءٌ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إِلى أُخْرَى، فَقَالَتْ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، حتَّى قُلْنَ كُلُّهُنَّ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ: لا وَالَّذِي بعثَكَ بِالحَقِّ ما عِندِي إِلَّا مَاءٌ، فقال النَّبِيُّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «من يُضِيفُ هَذا اللَّيْلَةَ؟» فقال رَجُلٌ مِن الأَنْصارِ: أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، فَانْطَلَقَ بِهِ إِلى رَحْلِهِ، فَقَال لامْرَأَتِهِ: أَكرِمِي ضَيْفَ رسولِ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم. وفي رواية: قال لامرَأَتِهِ: هل عِنْدَكِ شَيءٌ؟ قَالَتْ: لا، إِلَّا قُوتَ صِبيانِي، قال: عَلِّلِيْهِمْ بِشَيءٍ وإِذا أَرَادُوا العَشَاءَ فَنَوِّميهِمْ ، وإِذَا دَخَلَ ضَيْفُنَا فَأَطفِئي السِّرَاجَ، وأَرِيهِ أَنَّا نَأْكُلُ، فَقَعَدُوا، وأَكَلَ الضَّيفُ وبَاتا طَاوِيَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبح، غَدَا على النَّبِيِّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم فقالَ: «لَقَد عَجِبَ اللهُ مِنْ صَنِيعِكُمَا بِضَيفِكُمَا اللَّيْلَةَ» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: I am exhausted (by hunger). So he sent word to one of his wives, and she said: By the One who sent you with the truth, I have nothing but water. Then he sent to another, and she said the like of that, until all of them said the same: No, by the One who sent you with the truth, I have nothing but water. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Who will host this man tonight?" A man from the Ansar said: I will, O Messenger of Allah. So he took him to his dwelling and said to his wife: Honour the guest of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). In another narration: He said to his wife: Do you have anything? She said: No, except the food of my children. He said: Distract them with something, and when they want supper put them to sleep, and when our guest enters extinguish the lamp and let him think that we are eating. So they sat down, the guest ate, and the two of them spent the night hungry. When morning came, he went early to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said, "Allah marvelled at what you two did with your guest tonight." Agreed upon.
الشرح · explanation
إني مجهود: أي أصابني الجَهْد وهو المشقة والمراد هنا الجوع وضيق العيش. إلى رَحْلِه: أي منزله ومأواه. إلا قوت صبياني: أي طعامهم الذي يعتادون الاقتيات به في العشاء. علِّلِيهم بشيء: أي أَشغِليهم بشيء يُنسيهم التفكير في وجبة العشاء. طاويين: جائعين. غدا: جاء في الصباح.
I am exhausted (majhud): that is, hardship has befallen me -- and jahd is hardship; what is meant here is hunger and straitened living. To his dwelling (rahlih): that is, his home and abode. Except the food of my children: that is, the food they are accustomed to eating for supper. Distract them with something: that is, occupy them with something that makes them forget thinking about the evening meal. Hungry (tawiyayn): with empty stomachs. Went early (ghada): came in the morning.
الدروس · lessons
بداية النبي صلّى الله عليه وسلم بنفسه وأهل بيته سعيًا في إطعام الرجل وإكرامه وضيافته، وهكذا ينبغي أن يكون المسلم فلا يكتفي بتوجيه النّاس لفعل الخيرات بل يبادر هو بذلك أولًا. عجب الله تعالى من فعل الأنصاري وامرأته دليل على أنهما أحسنا وأجملا وفيه حثٌّ على الإيثار وبيان فضله ورضا الله عن فاعله. فضيلة الإيثار الذي هو تقديم الغير على النفس في حظوظها الدنيوية، ولا يكون التقديم إيثارًا إلا مع الحاجة. كفاية النفس والعائلة أمر واجب وهو مقدّم على واجب إكرام الضيف إلا في حال عدم الحاجة الشديدة وهذا يرجع لتقدير الإنسان لحاله وحال أولاده وهو محمول على أن هؤلاء الصغار لن يصيبهم ضرر حقيقي بسبب تفويت العشاء.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) began with himself and his household in seeking to feed the man, honour him, and host him; thus should the Muslim be -- not content merely to direct people toward good deeds, but taking the initiative himself first. Allah's marvelling at the deed of the man of the Ansar and his wife is proof that they acted beautifully and excellently, and in it is encouragement toward selflessness (ithar), a statement of its virtue, and Allah's pleasure with the one who does it. The virtue of selflessness, which is preferring others over oneself in worldly shares; and such preference is selflessness only when there is need. Providing sufficiency for oneself and one's family is an obligation that takes precedence over the obligation of honouring a guest, except in the case of no severe need -- and this depends on a person's assessment of his own state and that of his children; it is understood that these young ones would suffer no real harm by missing the evening meal.